When a hybrid black guinea pig (Bb) is crossed with a pure white guinea pig (bb), the potential offspring can have two genotypes: Bb (black) and bb (white).

Using a Punnett square, we can represent the possible combinations:

From the Punnett square, we can see that there is a 50% chance of producing offspring with the Bb genotype (black) and a 50% chance of producing offspring with the bb genotype (white).

State the law of segregation as proposed by Mendel: The law of segregation states that actors passed from one generation to another in an unaltered manner; they separate during gamete formation, reunite during fertilization and pass to the next generation.

Symptoms of thalassemia:

1. Fatigue and weakness
2. Pale or yellowish skin
3. Shortness of breath
4. Delayed growth and development

Regarding the belief that mothers are responsible for the birth of a daughter's child, let's consider a simple cross to demonstrate why this belief is not justified:

From this cross, we can observe that the father's contribution of the Y chromosome determines the birth of a male child. Therefore, it is incorrect to solely blame or attribute the birth of a daughter's child to the mother.

The flipper of whales and the wings of birds are considered homologous organs due to their shared internal structures. Both have similar skeletal structures, including the humerus, ulna, radius, and carpals. Additionally, their muscle structures for controlling movement are also alike. These similarities suggest a common ancestry, despite their different functions in swimming and flying, respectively.

In a beehive, a worker bee communicates food source information to others through two main dances. The waggle dance conveys the direction and distance of the food source. The angle of the dance represents the direction relative to gravity, while the duration of the waggle indicates the distance. For food sources within 75 meters, the round dance is performed, signalling the availability of food without specifying the direction. Other worker bees interpret these dances and follow the communicated information to locate the food source.

OR

Protovirus → Virus → Bacteria → Protozoa → Multicellular organism → Chlorophyllous organism → Plants

• Asthma:  During breathing, we inspire air from the environment. If air is polluted, polluted air enters into the respiratory system and serious damage to the lung and respiratory tracts occurs.Toxic materials (both gas and suspended particles) when enter the respiratory tract and lungs, and the cells of the living are damaged. Due to such damage, the diseases that may develop are asthma, bronchitis, lung cancer etc.
• Joint Forest Management (JFM): JFM is a community-based approach to forest management that involves local people in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of forest activities. JFM has been shown to be effective in conserving biodiversity by providing local people with a stake in the forest and by promoting sustainable forest management practices.

• Habitat loss and fragmentation: This is the most significant cause of biodiversity loss. When habitats are destroyed or fragmented, species are unable to find food, mates, or suitable places to live. For example, deforestation is a major cause of habitat loss for many species of plants and animals.
• Overexploitation: This is the excessive use of a species\' resources. This can lead to the depletion of the population and even extinction. For example, overfishing has led to the decline of many fish populations.
• Invasive species: These are species that are introduced to an ecosystem and then become established and spread. Invasive species can outcompete native species for resources, leading to the decline or extinction of native species. For example, the introduction of the brown tree snake to Guam has led to the extinction of many native bird species.
• Climate change: Climate change is already having a significant impact on biodiversity. As the climate changes, species are being forced to move to new areas or adapt to the changing conditions. Some species will not be able to adapt and will go extinct. For example, rising sea levels are threatening the habitats of many coastal species.

Part I.

1. Rhino and baby rhinos should be kept isolated in sanctuaries/ favourable environments.
2. Hunting and poaching should be strictly prohibited by enacting the law.

Part II.

1. Agricultural runoff containing pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers containing NO₃.
2. Domestic wastewater (sewage) mainly detergents containing phosphates. Sewage helps the overgrowth of algae. This makes the water unfit for bathing and drinking.

The two conditions that need to be met for an area to be considered a biodiversity hotspot:

• It must have at least 1,500 vascular plant species as endemics
• It must have lost at least 70% of its original natural vegetation

Here are two examples of ex-situ conservation:

• Botanical gardens: Botanical gardens are places where plants are grown in a controlled environment. This allows for the conservation of plants that are threatened in their natural habitats.
• Zoos: Zoos are places where animals are kept in captivity. This allows for the conservation of animals that are threatened in their natural habitats.

One feature of unstriated muscle is that it is not attached to bones.

The mitochondria are referred to as the “kitchen of the cell”.

Anucleate cells do not have a nucleus. This type of cell is found in bacteria and some other single-celled organisms.

Paddy.

One important feature of life is the ability to reproduce.