Mutation: A mutation is a sudden and permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome. It can lead to the alteration of the gene’s function and can be caused by various factors, such as radiation, chemicals, or errors during DNA replication.
Development of Variation: Variation can develop through genetic mutations, sexual reproduction (recombination of genes from parents), and environmental factors that influence gene expression and traits during an individual’s development. This diversity of traits within a population is the basis for natural selection and evolution.
