Chapter 4 – Waste Management | Class 10 School Geography Solution

Question 1

The useless or worthless material stuff to be thrown away is called:

1. resource
2. waste
3. neutral stuff
4. none of these

Answer

Waste

Explanation:

Waste refers to the material or substance that has no further use or value and needs to be disposed of. It may be generated from various sources such as households, industries, agriculture, and healthcare facilities.

Question 2

Cooked food is considered as a:

1. liquid waste
2. gaseous waste
3. solid wastes
4. all of these

Answer

(c) Solid waste

Explanation:

Cooked food is considered as a solid waste.

Question 3

Vegetable peelings, bits of paper etc. are:

1. non-toxic wastes
2. toxic wastes
3. liquid waste
4. gaseous waste

Answer

(a) non-toxic wastes

Explanation:

Vegetable peelings, bits of paper, etc. are non-toxic solid wastes.

Question 4

The wastes that are generated from residential homes are called:

1. industrial wastes
2. domestic wastes
3. agricultural wastes
4. radioactive wastes

Answer

(b) domestic wastes

Explanation:

The wastes that are generated from residential homes are called domestic wastes.

Question 5

The wastes that are generated from hospitals is called:

1. biomedical wastes
2. industrial waste
3. domestic wastes
4. radioactive wastes

Answer

(a) Biomedical wastes

Explanation:

The wastes that are generated from hospitals is called biomedical wastes. These wastes include various types of infectious and non-infectious materials generated during diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals.

1. Accumulation of wastes due to improper disposal is a major problem that affects our environment.
2. Reduction of waste means stopping waste before it starts.
3. Segregation of waste is a common process of recycling waste.
4. Dumping or burying of waste is called composting.
5. Scrubber is used to remove solid and liquid wastes.

1. ____ treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater.
2. Students can generate awareness among people through ____, placards, etc.
3. ST is the abbreviated form of ____.
4. Depending on the physical state wastes. are divided into ____, ____, and ____.
5. Smoke, vapour, fumes, etc. are examples of ____ waste.
6. Plastic bags take ____ years to degenerate.

Question 1

What do we call any substance which is discarded after primary use?

Answer

Any substance which is discarded after primary use is called waste.

Question 2

Name any one toxic Waste.

Answer

Mercury is an example of toxic waste.

Question 3

What are the wastes called that decompose readily?

Answer

The wastes that decompose readily are called biodegradable wastes.

Question 4

Name one source of industrial Waste.

Answer

One source of industrial waste is factories.

Question 5

What are organic Wastes Commonly Called?

Answer

Organic wastes are commonly called biodegradable wastes.

Question

Answer

Question 1

What is waste?

Answer

Waste refers to any material or substance that is discarded after its primary use and is of no further use to the person or organization generating it. This includes any solid, liquid or gaseous substance that is no longer needed or wanted.

Question 2

Classify wastes according to their physical state.

Answer

Waste can be classified into three categories based on its physical state: solid, liquid and gaseous.

• Solid waste includes materials such as paper, plastics, metals, glass, and organic waste like food and yard waste.
• Liquid waste includes waste water from households, industries, and hospitals.
• Gaseous waste includes emissions like carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases released by industrial processes, transportation and other activities.

Question 3

What are toxic wastes?

Answer

Toxic wastes are materials that can cause harm or death to living organisms, either immediately or over time. These wastes are generally characterized by their chemical properties and their potential to cause injury or illness if they are not handled properly.

Question 4

What are the common sources of industrial waste?

Answer

Industrial waste is generated from various industrial processes and can come from many sources. Some common sources of industrial waste include manufacturing plants, power plants, chemical factories, oil refineries, and mines.

Question 5

Write one effect of waste on the environment.

Answer

One effect of waste on the environment is pollution. When wastes are not disposed of properly, they can release harmful chemicals and substances into the air, soil, and water, leading to contamination and negative impacts on the health of humans, animals, and plants.

Question 6

What is the recycling of waste?

Answer

Recycling is turning waste into new products to save materials and energy and reduce pollution. It involves collecting, sorting, processing, and manufacturing new products.

Question 7

What is meant by source reduction?

Answer

Source reduction is the practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of products in a way that reduces the quantity and toxicity of waste generated.

Question 1

What constitutes local waste?

Answer

Local waste typically refers to the waste generated from residential homes, small businesses, and institutions within a particular locality or community. It includes a variety of waste streams, such as food waste, paper, cardboard, plastics, glass, metal, and electronic waste. Local waste can be managed through various methods, including source reduction, recycling, composting, and landfilling.

Question 2

Compare toxic waste and non-toxic waste.

Answer

Question 3

Mention the source and content of three different types of waste.

Answer

1. Domestic waste: This type of waste is generated from households and includes food waste, paper, plastic, glass, metals, and other materials. It can also include hazardous waste such as batteries, electronic devices, and chemicals from cleaning products.
2. Industrial waste: This type of waste is generated by industries and factories and includes hazardous and non-hazardous waste. It can include chemicals, metals, plastics, toxic substances, and waste from manufacturing processes.
3. Biomedical waste: This type of waste is generated from healthcare facilities such as hospitals, clinics, and laboratories. It includes infectious waste, sharps (needles, syringes), chemicals, and radioactive materials. Biomedical waste can pose a serious threat to human health if not handled properly.

Question 4

What is waste management?

Answer

Waste management is the process of collecting, transporting, processing, and disposing of various types of waste in a safe and effective manner. It involves the planning, implementation, and monitoring of waste-handling practices to minimize the negative impact on the environment and human health.

Question 5

What is the difference between ‘reusing and ‘recycling’?

Answer

Question 6

Discuss any one process of disposal of solid wastes.

Answer

Incineration is one process of disposal of solid wastes, which involves burning waste at high temperatures to convert it into ash and gases. The ash can then be disposed of in a landfill or used as a construction material. This method can reduce the volume of waste by up to 90%, but it also releases harmful pollutants into the air, including dioxins and heavy metals.

Clues-

Across

(1) The organic wastes are of this type.

(2) It is a constituent of gaseous waste.

(3) Dumping or burying of waste in an organized way.

Down

(4) Wastes obtained from industries.

(5) We throw household wastes into it.

(6) Produce new, useful products.

(7) Stopping wastes before it starts.

Answer

Across:

1. Organic wastes are of this type – (O)rganic
2. Constituent of gaseous waste – (X)enon
3. Dumping or burying of waste in an organized way – (L)andfill

Down:

4. Wastes obtained from industries – (I)ndustrial

5. We throw household wastes into it – (B)in
6. Produce new, useful products – (R)ecycling
7. Stopping wastes before it starts – (P)revention

Complete the table

Answer

Long answer or essay-type questions

Question 1

Classify wastes and describe each type.

Answer

Waste can be classified in different ways, including by its physical state, composition, and source. Here are four common classifications of waste:

1. Solid Waste: This type of waste includes any non-liquid material or object that is discarded, such as paper, plastic, metal, food waste, and furniture. Solid waste can be further classified into different categories, including municipal waste (generated by households and commercial establishments), industrial waste (generated by factories and manufacturing facilities), and hazardous waste (waste that poses a threat to public health or the environment).
2. Liquid Waste: Liquid waste includes any discarded liquid material, such as wastewater, sewage, and industrial effluent. It can be generated by households, industries, and hospitals, among others. Liquid waste can contain harmful pollutants and contaminants that can harm human health and the environment, making proper disposal and treatment essential.
3. Gaseous Waste: This type of waste consists of gases or vapours that are released into the environment, often as a byproduct of industrial processes. Gaseous waste can include carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide, among others. It can contribute to air pollution, climate change, and other environmental problems.
4. Hazardous Waste: This type of waste is considered dangerous or potentially harmful to human health or the environment.

Question 2

Discuss about the various sources of different wastes and their effects on the environment.

Answer

There are different sources of wastes that can have negative effects on the environment. Here are some examples:

1. Household waste: This includes all the waste generated by households, such as food waste, plastic packaging, paper, and other materials. Household waste can have negative effects on the environment if it is not disposed of properly.
2. Medical waste: This includes waste generated by healthcare facilities, such as hospitals and clinics. Medical waste can be infectious and hazardous, and if not disposed of properly, can pose a risk to public health and the environment.
3. Industrial waste: This includes waste generated by industries such as manufacturing, construction, and mining. Industrial waste can be hazardous, and if not managed properly, can have negative effects on the environment.

Question 3

What is waste management? Describe any one method of waste management.

Answer

Waste management refers to the collection, transportation, processing, and disposal of waste materials. It aims to reduce the adverse environmental effects of waste and promote sustainability.

One method of waste management is recycling. Recycling involves the collection, sorting, processing, and manufacturing of waste materials into new products. This method is beneficial for the environment because it reduces the need for raw materials, conserves natural resources, reduces energy consumption, and lowers greenhouse gas emissions.

Question 4

What are the common processes of waste disposal?

Answer

The common processes of waste disposal include:

1. Landfilling: It involves burying the waste in the ground, usually in a specially engineered site, to prevent the contamination of soil and groundwater.
2. Incineration: It involves burning the waste in high-temperature furnaces, which can generate heat and electricity. However, incineration produces air pollution and can also release toxic byproducts.
3. Recycling: It involves collecting, sorting, and processing waste materials to make new products, reducing the need for virgin materials and conserving natural resources.
4. Composting: It involves the natural decomposition of organic waste, such as food and yard waste, into nutrient-rich soil that can be used for gardening and farming.

Question 5

Why is waste management necessary?

Answer

Waste management necessary because of the following reasons:

1. To control air pollution, soil pollution, water pollution etc.
2. To avoid the spreading of infectious diseases.
3. To conserve natural resources and reduce the need for new raw materials.
4. To minimize the use of landfills, which can be harmful to the environment and take up valuable space.
5. To promote sustainability and protect the environment for future generations.

Question 6

How can students take part in waste management?

Answer

Students can take part in waste management in the following ways:

1. Students can participate in waste segregation by sorting their waste into different categories such as recyclables, biodegradable, and non-biodegradable wastes.
2. They can promote the use of reusable items such as water bottles, lunch boxes, and cloth bags instead of disposable ones.
3. Students can volunteer in clean-up drives and waste collection campaigns in their community.
4. They can raise awareness among their peers and family members about the importance of waste reduction, reuse, and recycling.
5. Students can also work with their schools to implement sustainable waste management practices, such as composting, recycling, and proper disposal of hazardous waste.

Question 7

Discuss about the effects of waste disposal on Bhagirathi-Hooghly river.

Answer

The Bhagirathi-Hooghly river in India is a vital resource for irrigation, hydroelectric power, and transportation. However, untreated sewage and industrial waste have heavily polluted the river. This has led to severe contamination of the river water, affecting its suitability for agriculture and consumption. The pollution has also led to a decline in fish populations and aquatic biodiversity, and waterborne diseases such as typhoid, cholera, and dysentery are widespread. The pollution has had economic impacts, including loss of income for fishermen and farmers, as well as increased maintenance costs for water treatment plants and other facilities.

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