Question
(a) What do you mean by homologous organs ? (b) Explain how the homology of forelimbs in vertebrates give support in favour of evolution.
Answer
(a) Homologous organs are organs that have similar structures but may have different functions, and are thought to have evolved from a common ancestral structure.
(b) The homology of forelimbs in vertebrates provides evidence in favor of evolution by demonstrating that diverse species have similar bone structures despite differences in their habitats, lifestyles, and functions. For example, the forelimbs of humans, bats, whales, and birds have the same basic bone structure, including the humerus, radius, and ulna. However, the functions of these structures are different, with wings for birds, flippers for whales, and arms for humans. This suggests that these species share a common ancestor with similar forelimbs, which were then modified to suit different environments and purposes.
