(๐) Elastic potential energy.
(๐๐) If the stone is thrown without stretching the string of catapult the stone will fall down. As the stretched catapult posses potential energy due to a change in their shape it throws the stone with the high speed.
(๐๐๐) Shyam prevents his friend form aiming at the bird because he does not want to harm or kill the bird, this shows his care and love for the animals.