The figure shown below represents a common type of dialysis called as haemodialysis- It removes waste products from the blood, such as excess salts, and urea which are insufficiently removed by the kidney in patients with kidney failure. During the procedure, the patient’s blood is cleaned by filtration through a series of semi-permeable membranes before being returned to the blood of the patient. On the basis of this answer the following questions.

Read the following and answer the questions from (i) to (iv). 

The figure shown below represents a common type of dialysis called as haemodialysis- It removes waste products from the blood, such as excess salts, and urea which are insufficiently removed by the kidney in patients with kidney failure. During the procedure, the patient’s blood is cleaned by filtration through a series of semi-permeable membranes before being returned to the blood of the patient. On the basis of this answer the following questions.

(i) The haemodialyser has semi-permeable lining c tubes which help

1. To maintain osmotic pressure of blood
2. To filter nitrogenous wastes from the dialysin solution
3. In passing the waste products in the dialysing solution
4. To pump purified blood back into the body of the patient.

(ii) Which one of the following is not a function of artificial kidney?

1. To remove nitrogenous wastes from the blood
2. To remove excess fluids from the blood.
3. To reabsorb essential nutrients from the blood.
4. To filter and purify the blood.

(iii) The ‘used dialysing’ solution is rich in

1. Urea and excess salts
2. Blood cells
3. Lymph
4. Proteins.

(iv) Which part of the nephron in human kidney, serves the function of reabsorption of certain substances

1. Glomerulus
2. Bowman’s Capsule
3. Tubules
4. Collecting Duct

Answer

(c) In passing the waste products in the dialysing solution

Explanation: The semi-permeable membrane allows waste products like urea and excess salts to pass from the blood into the dialysing solution, mimicking the filtration process of kidneys.

(c) To reabsorb essential nutrients from the blood.

Explanation: The artificial kidney does not reabsorb nutrients. It only filters out waste and excess fluid. Reabsorption is a function of the real nephron tubules, not the dialysis machine.

(a) Urea and excess salts

Explanation: These are the waste materials removed from the blood during dialysis.

(c) Tubules

Explanation: The proximal and distal convoluted tubules reabsorb water, glucose, amino acids, and some salts back into the blood after filtration.