Explain the following three problems related to ever-increasing human population-
- Over-exploitation and depletion of natural resourcese
- Changes in atmospheric condition and global warming
- Deforestation and loss of ecosystems
Two major causes behind the loss of biodiversity are over-exploitation and destruction of habitat due to change in land use pattern – establish the validity of the statement with proper example. [3+2=5]
Or
What might be the reasons behind the disturbances in Nitrogen Cycle ? It is very much essential to publish a PBR document for each village of India — which information can be gathered from a PBR regarding biodiversity ? [3+2=5]
WBBSE
Class X
Life Science
05 (a) Nitrogen
05 (c) Environment and Human Population
05 (d) Biodiversity and Its Conservation
05 Mark
2024
Problems Related to Ever-Increasing Human Population
- Over-exploitation and depletion of natural resources: Rapid population growth increases demand, causing overuse and depletion of resources like water, soil, forests, and minerals, making them scarce for future generations.​
- Changes in atmospheric condition and global warming: Excessive use of fossil fuels leads to accumulation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, trapping heat in the atmosphere and causing global warming.​
- Deforestation and loss of ecosystems: Cutting down forests for agriculture and human settlements destroys natural habitats and leads to the loss of entire ecosystems and many species.​
Over-exploitation and Habitat Destruction as Causes of Biodiversity Loss
- Over-exploitation of species such as overfishing and overhunting leads to extinction (e.g., cheetah in India).
- Destruction of habitats by changing forest lands into agricultural or industrial areas causes massive loss of biodiversity (e.g., clearing Amazon rainforests for cultivation).​
Or
Human activities often disturb the natural nitrogen cycle.
- Excessive use of fertilizers increases nitrogen content in soil, which causes soil acidification and eutrophication of water bodies.
- Deforestation and burning of fossil fuels release oxides of nitrogen into the atmosphere, causing air pollution and acid rain.
- Industrial nitrogen fixation and the combustion of fuels add excess nitrogen compounds like nitric oxide and nitrous oxide, which contribute to greenhouse effect and global warming.​
Information Gathered from a People’s Biodiversity Register (PBR)
A PBR (People’s Biodiversity Register) is a document prepared for every village to record local biodiversity. It provides:
- Information about local species of plants, animals, birds, fishes, insects, and microorganisms.
- Data on landscape, aquatic bodies, forests, and wastelands of the area.
- Details of traditional knowledge related to use of plants and animals for food, medicine, and cultural purposes.
- Identification of endangered, endemic, and economically important species, as well as local biodiversity hotspots.
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