CBSE Class XI Mathematics Syllabus 2026 – 27

Mathematics

Subject Code – 041

Classes XI-XII (2026 – 27)

The Syllabus in the subject of Mathematics has undergone changes from time to time in accordance with growth of the subject and emerging needs of the society. Senior Secondary stage is a launching stage from where the students go either for higher academic education in Mathematics or for professional courses like Engineering, Physical and Biological science, Commerce or Computer Applications. The present revised syllabus has been designed in accordance with National Curriculum Framework 2005 and as per guidelines given in Focus Group on Teaching of Mathematics 2005 which is to meet the emerging needs of all categories of students. Motivating the topics from real life situations and other subject areas, greater emphasis has been laid on application of various concepts.

Objectives

The broad objectives of teaching Mathematics at senior school stage intend to help the students:

• to acquire knowledge and critical understanding, particularly by way of motivation and visualization, of basic concepts, terms, principles, symbols and mastery of underlying processes and skills.
• to feel the flow of reasons while proving a result or solving a problem.
• to apply the knowledge and skills acquired to solve problems and wherever possible, by more than one method.
• to develop positive attitude to think, analyze and articulate logically.
• to develop interest in the subject by participating in related competitions.
• to acquaint students with different aspects of Mathematics used in daily life.
• to develop an interest in students to study Mathematics as a discipline.
• to develop awareness of the need for national integration, protection of environment, observance of small family norms, removal of social barriers, elimination of gender biases.
• to develop reverence and respect towards great Mathematicians for their contributions to the field of Mathematics.

CLASS XI (2026-27)

Three Hours    Max Marks: 80

No.	Units	Marks
I.	Sets and Functions	23
II.	Algebra	25
III.	Coordinate Geometry	12
IV.	Calculus	08
V.	Statistics and Probability	12
	Total	80
	Internal Assessment	20

*No chapter/unit-wise weightage. Care to be taken to cover all the chapters.

1. Sets

Sets and their representations, Empty set, Finite and Infinite sets, Equal sets, Subsets, Subsets of a set of real numbers especially intervals (with notations). Universal set. Venn diagrams. Union and Intersection of sets. Difference of sets. Complement of a set. Properties of Complement.

2. Relations & Functions

Ordered pairs. Cartesian product of sets. Number of elements in the Cartesian product of two finite sets. Cartesian product of the set of reals with itself (up to R × R × R). Definition of relation, pictorial diagrams, domain, co-domain and range of a relation. Function as a special type of relation. Pictorial representation of a function, domain, co-domain and range of a function. Real valued functions, domain and range of these functions, constant, identity, polynomial, rational, modulus, signum, exponential, logarithmic and greatest integer functions, with their graphs. Sum, difference, product and quotients of functions.

3. Trigonometric Functions

Positive and negative angles. Measuring angles in radians and in degrees and conversion from one measure to another. Definition of trigonometric functions with the help of unit circle. Truth of the identity \sin^2 \text{x} + \cos^2 \text{x} = 1, for all x. Signs of trigonometric functions. Domain and range of trigonometric functions and their graphs. Expressing \sin(\text{x} \pm \text{y}) and \cos(\text{x} \pm \text{y}) in terms of \sin \text{x}, \sin \text{y}, \cos \text{x} & \cos \text{y} and their simple applications. Deducing identities like the following:

\displaystyle \tan(\text{x}\pm\text{y})=\frac{\tan \text{x}\pm\tan \text{y}}{1\mp\tan \text{x}\tan \text{y}},\quad \cot(\text{x}\pm\text{y})=\frac{\cot \text{x}\mp\cot \text{y}}{\cot \text{y}\pm\cot \text{x}}

\displaystyle \sin \text{α}\pm\sin \text{β}=2\sin\left[\frac{1}{2}(\text{α}\pm\text{β})\right]\cos\left[\frac{1}{2}(\text{α}\mp\text{β})\right]

\displaystyle \cos \text{α}+\cos \text{β}=2\cos\left[\frac{1}{2}(\text{α}+\text{β})\right]\cos\left[\frac{1}{2}(\text{α}-\text{β})\right]

\displaystyle \cos \text{α}-\cos \text{β}=-2\sin\left[\frac{1}{2}(\text{α}+\text{β})\right]\sin\left[\frac{1}{2}(\text{α}-\text{β})\right]

Identities related to \sin 2\text{x}, \cos 2\text{x}, \tan 2\text{x}, \sin 3\text{x}, \cos 3\text{x} and \tan 3\text{x}.

1. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Need for complex numbers, especially \sqrt{-1}, to be motivated by inability to solve some of the quadratic equations. Algebraic properties of complex numbers. Argand plane.

2. Linear Inequalities

Linear inequalities. Algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one variable and their representation on the number line.

3. Permutations and Combinations

Fundamental principle of counting. Factorial n. (n!) Permutations and combinations, derivation of Formulae for {}^{\text{n}}\mathrm{P}_{\text{r}}, {}^{\text{n}}\mathrm{C}_{\text{r}} and their connections, simple applications.

4. Binomial Theorem

Historical perspective, statement and proof of the binomial theorem for positive integral indices. Pascal’s triangle, simple applications.

5. Sequence and Series

Sequence and Series. Arithmetic Mean (A.M.) Geometric Progression (G.P.), general term of a G.P., sum of n terms of a G.P., infinite G.P. and its sum, geometric mean (G.M.), relation between A.M. and G.M

1. Straight Lines

Brief recall of two-dimensional geometry from earlier classes. Slope of a line and angle between two lines. Various forms of equations of a line: parallel to axis, point -slope form, slope-intercept form, two-point form, intercept form. Distance of a point from a line.

2. Conic Sections

Sections of a cone: circles, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, a point, a straight line and a pair of intersecting lines as a degenerated case of a conic section. Standard equations and simple properties of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola. Standard equation of a circle.

3. Introduction to Three-dimensional Geometry

Coordinate axes and coordinate planes in three dimensions. Coordinates of a point. Distance between two points.

1. Limits and Derivatives

Derivative introduced as rate of change both as that of distance function and geometrically. Intuitive idea of limit. Limits of polynomials and rational functions trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Definition of derivative relate it to scope of tangent of the curve, derivative of sum, difference, product and quotient of functions of polynomial and trigonometric functions.

1. Statistics

Measures of Dispersion: Range, Mean deviation, variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped data.

2. Probability

Events; occurrence of events, ‘not’, ‘and’ and ‘or’ events, exhaustive events, mutually exclusive events, Axiomatic (set theoretic) probability, connections with other theories of earlier classes. Probability of an event, probability of ‘not’, ‘and’ and ‘or’ events.

The following topics are included in the syllabus but will be assessed only formatively to reinforce understanding without adding to summative assessments. This reduces academic stress while ensuring meaningful learning. Schools can integrate these with existing chapters as they align well. Relevant NCERT textual material is enclosed for reference.

Unit-I: Sets and Functions

1. Sets
Practical problems on Union and Intersection of two sets.

2. Relations and Functions
Composition of Functions

3. Trigonometric Functions
General solution of trigonometric equations of the type \sin \text{y}=\sin \text{a},\quad \cos \text{y}=\cos \text{a} and \tan \text{y}=\tan \text{a}.

Unit-II: Algebra

1. Principle of Mathematical Induction
Process of the proof by induction, motivating the application of the method by looking at natural numbers as the least inductive subset of real numbers. The principle of mathematical induction and simple applications.

2. (Complex Numbers and) Quadratic Equations
Polar representation of complex numbers. Statement of Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, solution of quadratic equations (with real coefficients) in the complex number system.

3. Linear Inequalities
Graphical solution of linear inequalities in two variables. Graphical method of finding a solution of system of linear inequalities in two variables.

4. Binomial Theorem
General and middle term in binomial expansion.

5. Sequence and Series
Formulae for the following special sums \displaystyle \sum_{\text{k}=1}^{\text{n}}\text{k},\quad \sum_{\text{k}=1}^{\text{n}}\text{k}^{2},\quad \sum_{\text{k}=1}^{\text{n}}\text{k}^{3}

Unit-III: Coordinate Geometry

1. Straight Lines
Normal form. General equation of a line.

2. Introduction to Three-dimensional Geometry
Section formula.

Unit-IV: Calculus

1. Limits and Derivatives
Derivatives of composite functions (Chain rule).

Unit-V Statistics and Probability

1. Probability
Random experiments; outcomes, sample space (set representation).