Life Science Chapter – 1 : Life and Its Diversity Oriental Book Company solution for Madhyamik Students Class 9
Material | : Madhyamik Life Science Solution |
Subject | : Life Science |
Class | : 9 (Madhyamik) |
Publisher | : Oriental Book Company Private Limited |
Chapter Name | : Life and Its Diversity |
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
(Each question carries 1 mark)
Question 1
Who first used the term taxonomy?
(a) Aristotle
(b) John Ray
(c) Simpson
(d) Candole
Answer
(b) John Ray
Explanation: John Ray first used the term taxonomy for the classification of plants and animals based on their characteristics. He developed an early classification system that later influenced Linnaeus.
Question 2
How many steps of taxon are present in Linnaean classification?
(a) 5
(b) 6
(c) 7
(d) 9
Answer
(c) 7
Explanation: Linnaeus created a seven-step hierarchical classification system that includes:
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
Question 3
Who is the writer of the book Species Plantarum (1753)?
(a) Hutchinson
(b) Linnaeus
(c) Haeckel
(d) Bendhil
Answer
(b) Linnaeus
Explanation: Carl Linnaeus wrote Species Plantarum in 1753, where he introduced binomial nomenclature, a system for naming organisms using two Latin words (genus and species).
Question 4
Who is the father of taxonomy?
(a) Candole
(b) John Ray
(c) Linnaeus
(d) Aristotle
Answer
(c) Linnaeus
Explanation: Carl Linnaeus is known as the Father of Taxonomy because he developed a systematic method for classifying and naming organisms, which is still in use today.
Question 5
Who proposed binomial nomenclature?
(a) Linnaeus
(b) Darwin
(c) Aristotle
(d) Mayr
Answer
(a) Linnaeus
Explanation: Linnaeus proposed the binomial nomenclature system, which assigns each species a two-word Latin name: the first for the genus and the second for the species.
Question 6
Non-flowering plants with vascular bundles are:
(a) Algae
(b) Fungi
(c) Pteridophyta
(d) Bryophyta
Answer
(c) Pteridophyta
Explanation: Pteridophytes (ferns and similar plants) are vascular, seedless plants that reproduce through spores and lack flowers.
Question 7
Amphibious plants are:
(a) Algae
(b) Bryophyta
(c) Fungi
(d) Pteridophyta
Answer
(b) Bryophyta
Explanation: Bryophytes (e.g., mosses and liverworts) are called amphibians of the plant kingdom because they need both land and water for their life cycle.
Question 8
In which Kingdom are prokaryotes placed?
(a) Monera
(b) Plantae
(c) Fungi
(d) Protista
Answer
(a) Monera
Explanation: Kingdom Monera includes prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), which lack a true nucleus.
Question 9
Founder of the 5-Kingdom classification is:
(a) Linnaeus
(b) Whittaker
(c) Bentham and Hooker
(d) John Ray
Answer
(b) Whittaker
Explanation: R.H. Whittaker proposed the Five-Kingdom Classification in 1969, dividing organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
Question 10
Plants without chlorophyll belong to:
(a) Fungi
(b) Bryophyta
(c) Pteridophyta
(d) Algae
Answer
(a) Fungi
Explanation: Fungi lack chlorophyll and obtain nutrients through saprophytic or parasitic nutrition, unlike plants which perform photosynthesis.
Question 11
Which of the following animals are radially symmetrical?
(a) Sea star
(b) Ascaris
(c) Earthworm
(d) Sponges
Answer
(a) Sea star
Explanation: Radial symmetry means body parts are arranged around a central axis. Echinoderms like sea stars exhibit radial symmetry.
Question 12
What is the locomotory organ of Amoeba?
(a) Cilia
(b) Pseudopodia
(c) Flagella
(d) Myonemic fibril
Answer
(b) Pseudopodia
Explanation: Amoeba moves using pseudopodia, which are temporary extensions of the cell membrane that help in movement and capturing food.
Question 13
In which animal group are comb plates present?
(a) Porifera
(b) Cnidaria
(c) Ctenophora
(d) Annelida
Answer
(c) Ctenophora
Explanation: Ctenophores, or comb jellies, have eight rows of ciliary comb plates used for locomotion.
Fill in the Blanks
(Each question carries 1 mark)
- Metabolism consists of two types: ___ and catabolism.
- Linnaeus created ___ steps in classification.
- The scientific name should be written in ___.
- Annelids have a ___ circulatory system.
- Excretory cells in Platyhelminthes are known as ___.
- Coelom is present in the body of ___.
- Gills or ctenidia or pulmonary sacs are the respiratory organs of ___.
- Pneumatic bones are the characteristic feature of the class ___.
Answer
- Anabolism
- 7
- Italics
- Closed
- Flame cells
- Coelomates
- Mollusca
- Aves
True or False
(Each question carries 1 mark)
Question 1
Bat is a mammal.
Answer
True
Explanation:
- Bats belong to Class Mammalia because they have mammary glands, fur, and give birth to live young.
- Unlike birds, bats do not have feathers, and their wings are modified forelimbs with a thin membrane called the patagium.
Question 2
Crocodile’s heart is four-chambered.
Answer
True
Explanation:
- Crocodiles are reptiles, but unlike other reptiles (which have a three-chambered heart), they have a four-chambered heart.
- This adaptation helps them maintain efficient oxygen circulation, similar to birds and mammals.
Question 3
Elasmobranch fishes have gill covered by an operculum.
Answer
False
Explanation:
- Elasmobranchs (cartilaginous fishes) like sharks, rays, and skates do not have an operculum (a bony gill cover).
- Instead, they have naked gill slits that open directly outside.
Question 4
Ostrich is a flightless bird.
Answer
True
Explanation:
- Ostriches belong to Class Aves but are flightless because they have heavy bodies, strong legs, and small wings.
- Instead of flying, they are fast runners and use their strong legs for self-defense.
Question 5
Seed-bearing plants are spermatophytes.
Answer
True
Explanation:
- Spermatophytes are plants that reproduce via seeds rather than spores.
- They include gymnosperms (e.g., pine trees) and angiosperms (flowering plants).
Question 6
Bacterial cell has a true nucleus.
Answer
False
Explanation:
- Bacteria belong to Kingdom Monera and are prokaryotic, meaning they lack a true nucleus.
- Instead, their genetic material is present in a nucleoid region, which is not enclosed by a membrane.
Column Matching
(Each question carries 1 mark)
Column I | Column II |
---|---|
(a) Sebaceous glands | (a) Reptilia |
(b) Naked glandular skin | (b) Cnidaria |
(c) Cnidoblast cells | (c) Amphibia |
(d) Epidermal scales | (d) Mammalia |
(e) Gastrovascular cavity | (e) Porifera |
(f) Spicules | (f) Cnidaria |
Answer
Column I | Column II | Explanation |
---|---|---|
(a) Sebaceous glands | (d) Mammalia | Sebaceous glands are found in mammals, producing oil (sebum) to keep the skin moisturized. |
(b) Naked glandular skin | (c) Amphibia | Amphibians like frogs have naked glandular skin, which helps in respiration and moisture retention. |
(c) Cnidoblast cells | (b) Cnidaria | Cnidoblast cells are stinging cells (nematocysts) found in Cnidaria (e.g., jellyfish, Hydra). |
(d) Epidermal scales | (a) Reptilia | Reptiles (e.g., snakes, lizards) have epidermal scales for protection and moisture retention. |
(e) Gastrovascular cavity | (e) Porifera  (Correct: Cnidaria) | The gastrovascular cavity is a digestive system found in Cnidaria, not Porifera (sponges lack a digestive cavity). |
(f) Spicules | (f) Porifera | Spicules are structural elements in sponges (Porifera) that provide support and protection. |
Choosing the Odd One and Writing It
(Each question carries 1 mark)
Question 1
Monera, Protista, Mycoplasma, Bacteria, Fungi
Answer
Fungi
Explanation:
- Monera (Bacteria, Mycoplasma) and Protista are unicellular organisms.
- Fungi are multicellular (except yeast), making them different from the others.
Question 2
Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Penicillium
Answer
Fungi
Explanation:
- Monera (Bacteria, Mycoplasma) and Protista are unicellular organisms.
- Fungi are multicellular (except yeast), making them different from the others.
Question 3
Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Magnifera
Answer
Magnifera
Explanation:
- Algae, Bryophyta, and Pteridophyta are lower plants (non-seed producing).
- Magnifera (Mango plant) is an angiosperm (flowering plant), making it different.
Question 4
Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Amphibia
Answer
Amphibia
Explanation:
- Porifera, Cnidaria, and Ctenophora are invertebrates.
- Amphibia (frogs, toads) belong to Vertebrata, making it the odd one out.
Finding a Suitable Word in the Second Pair
(Each question carries 1 mark)
Question 1
Naked glandular skin: Amphibia :: Body covered with feathers: ___
Answer
Aves
Explanation: Amphibians have naked, moist glandular skin, whereas Aves (birds) have feathers for insulation and flight.
Question 2
Gills are naked: Chondrichthyes :: Gills are covered by an operculum: ____
Answer
Osteichthyes
Explanation:
- Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish, e.g., sharks) have exposed gills (no operculum).
- Osteichthyes (bony fish, e.g., rohu, catla) have gills covered by an operculum.
Question 3
Body covered with spines: Echinodermata :: Body covered by calcareous shell: ____
Answer
Mollusca
Explanation:
- Echinoderms (e.g., sea stars, sea urchins) have spiny exoskeletons.
- Mollusks (e.g., snails, clams) have calcareous shells for protection.
Finding a Specific Term from a Set of Words/Phrases
(Each question carries 1 mark)
- Identification, Nomenclature, and Classification are connected with:
- The science of naming plants is called:
- Animal group with a pseudo coelom is:
- Water vascular system is a trait of:
Answer
- Taxonomy
- Binomial Nomenclature
- Nematoda
- Echinodermata
Very Short Answer (VSA) Type Questions
(Each question carries 1 mark)
Question 1
Who first used the term taxonomy?
Answer
John Ray
Question 2
Who proposed the name ‘Biology’?
Answer
Lamarck and Treviranus
Question 3
Who is regarded as the father of Zoology?
Answer
Aristotle
Question 4
Who is called the father of Botany?
Answer
Theophrastus
Question 5
Who is the father of taxonomy?
Answer
Carl Linnaeus
Question 6
Who proposed binomial nomenclature?
Answer
Carl Linnaeus
Question 7
In which animal is the canal system found?
Answer
Porifera (Sponges)
Short Answer (SA) Type Questions
(Each question carries 2 marks)
Question 1
Define coelom. Where is it found in invertebrates?
Answer
Coelom is a fluid-filled body cavity completely lined by mesoderm.
In invertebrates, coelom is found in Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Chordata.
Question 2
Write two salient features of an insect.
Answer
The two salient features of an insect are
- Body is divided into three parts – Head, Thorax, and Abdomen.
- Three pairs of jointed legs are present, making them hexapods
Question 3
Why has the name Porifera been given?
Answer
The name Porifera means “pore-bearers” because their body has numerous pores (ostia) that allow water to circulate through them.
Question 4
Why is the name Annelida given to the phylum?
Answer
The name Annelida is derived from the Latin word “annulus” (ring) because their bodies are segmented into ring-like sections (metameres).
Question 5
Why is a sea star called an Echinodermata?
Answer
The term Echinodermata means “spiny-skinned”. Sea stars belong to this phylum because their body is covered with spines and has a calcareous endoskeleton.
Question 6
Name the different canal systems in Porifera.
Answer
he three types of canal systems in Porifera are:
- Ascon type
- Sycon type
- Leucon type
Question 7
Name one diploblastic animal. Why is it so called?
Answer
Example: Hydra (from phylum Cnidaria). Diploblastic animals have two germ layers – ectoderm and endoderm, with a non-cellular mesoglea in between.
Question 8
What is a gastrovascular cavity? Where is it found?
Answer
The gastrovascular cavity is a central digestive cavity with only one opening (serving as both mouth and anus). It is found in Cnidaria (e.g., Hydra) and Platyhelminthes (e.g., Planaria).
Long Answer (LA) Type Questions
(Each question carries 5 marks)
Question 1
Give one single character for each class and identify all the classes of vertebrates.
Answer
The vertebrates belong to Phylum Chordata and are classified into different classes based on their unique characteristics:
Class | Characteristic Feature |
---|---|
Cyclostomata | Jawless fish with circular mouth (e.g., Lamprey) |
Chondrichthyes | Cartilaginous fish with naked gills (e.g., Shark) |
Osteichthyes | Bony fish with operculum-covered gills (e.g., Rohu) |
Amphibia | Moist glandular skin, undergoes metamorphosis (e.g., Frog) |
Reptilia | Dry, scaly skin, lays amniotic eggs (e.g., Lizard) |
Aves | Feathers present, forelimbs modified as wings (e.g., Pigeon) |
Mammalia | Mammary glands, external pinna present (e.g., Human) |
Question 2
Write the differences between Invertebrata and Vertebrata (mention only 5 points).
Answer
Invertebrata | Vertebrata |
---|---|
1.No vertebral column. | 1. Vertebral column present. |
2. Notochord absent. | 2. Notochord present (at least in the embryonic stage). |
3. Open circulatory system (except in some like Annelida). | 3. Closed circulatory system. |
4. Respiration through gills, skin, or body surface. | 4. Respiration through gills or lungs. |
5. Body organization ranges from simple to complex. | 5. More complex body organization with developed organ systems. |
Question 3
Give 5 characteristics of invertebrates with two examples.
Answer
Characteristics of Invertebrates:
- No backbone or vertebral column.
- Most invertebrates have an open circulatory system.
- Respiration occurs through skin, gills, or trachea.
- Exoskeleton may be present for protection (e.g., insects, mollusks).
- Reproduction may be sexual or asexual.
Question 4
Name the five Kingdoms of classification by Whittaker.
Answer
The Five Kingdom Classification proposed by R.H. Whittaker (1969):
- Monera – Prokaryotic, unicellular organisms (e.g., Bacteria).
- Protista – Unicellular eukaryotic organisms (e.g., Amoeba, Paramecium).
- Fungi – Heterotrophic, saprophytic organisms (e.g., Yeast, Mushroom).
- Plantae – Autotrophic, multicellular organisms (e.g., Algae, Trees).
- Animalia – Multicellular, heterotrophic organisms (e.g., Humans, Insects).
Question 5
Name the seven steps in Linnaean hierarchy.
Answer
The seven taxonomic ranks in Linnaean hierarchy are:
- Kingdom
- Phylum (for animals) / Division (for plants)
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
Question 6
Give the characteristics of Kingdom Monera with one example.
Answer
Characteristics of Kingdom Monera:
- Prokaryotic organisms (No true nucleus).
- Unicellular organisms, but can form colonies.
- Cell wall present in bacteria, made of peptidoglycan.
- Reproduce asexually by binary fission.
- Some are autotrophic (Cyanobacteria), while others are heterotrophic (Bacteria).