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Chapter – 1 : Life and Its Diversity | Oriental Book Company

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Life Science Chapter – 1 : Life and Its Diversity Oriental Book Company solution for Madhyamik Students Class 9

Material : Madhyamik Life Science Solution
Subject : Life Science
Class : 9 (Madhyamik)
Publisher : Oriental Book Company Private Limited
Chapter Name : Life and Its Diversity

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

(Each question carries 1 mark)

Question 1

Who first used the term taxonomy?

(a) Aristotle

(b) John Ray

(c) Simpson

(d) Candole

Answer

(b) John Ray

Explanation: John Ray first used the term taxonomy for the classification of plants and animals based on their characteristics. He developed an early classification system that later influenced Linnaeus.

Question 2

How many steps of taxon are present in Linnaean classification?

(a) 5

(b) 6

(c) 7

(d) 9

Answer

(c) 7

Explanation: Linnaeus created a seven-step hierarchical classification system that includes:

  1. Kingdom
  2. Phylum
  3. Class
  4. Order
  5. Family
  6. Genus
  7. Species

Question 3

Who is the writer of the book Species Plantarum (1753)?

(a) Hutchinson

(b) Linnaeus

(c) Haeckel

(d) Bendhil

Answer

(b) Linnaeus

Explanation: Carl Linnaeus wrote Species Plantarum in 1753, where he introduced binomial nomenclature, a system for naming organisms using two Latin words (genus and species).

Question 4

Who is the father of taxonomy?

(a) Candole

(b) John Ray

(c) Linnaeus

(d) Aristotle

Answer

(c) Linnaeus

Explanation: Carl Linnaeus is known as the Father of Taxonomy because he developed a systematic method for classifying and naming organisms, which is still in use today.

Question 5

Who proposed binomial nomenclature?

(a) Linnaeus

(b) Darwin

(c) Aristotle

(d) Mayr

Answer

(a) Linnaeus

Explanation: Linnaeus proposed the binomial nomenclature system, which assigns each species a two-word Latin name: the first for the genus and the second for the species.

Question 6

Non-flowering plants with vascular bundles are:

(a) Algae

(b) Fungi

(c) Pteridophyta

(d) Bryophyta

Answer

(c) Pteridophyta

Explanation: Pteridophytes (ferns and similar plants) are vascular, seedless plants that reproduce through spores and lack flowers.

Question 7

Amphibious plants are:

(a) Algae

(b) Bryophyta

(c) Fungi

(d) Pteridophyta

Answer

(b) Bryophyta

Explanation: Bryophytes (e.g., mosses and liverworts) are called amphibians of the plant kingdom because they need both land and water for their life cycle.

Question 8

In which Kingdom are prokaryotes placed?

(a) Monera

(b) Plantae

(c) Fungi

(d) Protista

Answer

(a) Monera

Explanation: Kingdom Monera includes prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), which lack a true nucleus.

Question 9

Founder of the 5-Kingdom classification is:

(a) Linnaeus

(b) Whittaker

(c) Bentham and Hooker

(d) John Ray

Answer

(b) Whittaker

Explanation: R.H. Whittaker proposed the Five-Kingdom Classification in 1969, dividing organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Question 10

Plants without chlorophyll belong to:

(a) Fungi

(b) Bryophyta

(c) Pteridophyta

(d) Algae

Answer

(a) Fungi

Explanation: Fungi lack chlorophyll and obtain nutrients through saprophytic or parasitic nutrition, unlike plants which perform photosynthesis.

Question 11

Which of the following animals are radially symmetrical?

(a) Sea star

(b) Ascaris

(c) Earthworm

(d) Sponges

Answer

(a) Sea star

Explanation: Radial symmetry means body parts are arranged around a central axis. Echinoderms like sea stars exhibit radial symmetry.

Question 12

What is the locomotory organ of Amoeba?

(a) Cilia

(b) Pseudopodia

(c) Flagella

(d) Myonemic fibril

Answer

(b) Pseudopodia

Explanation: Amoeba moves using pseudopodia, which are temporary extensions of the cell membrane that help in movement and capturing food.

Question 13

In which animal group are comb plates present?

(a) Porifera

(b) Cnidaria

(c) Ctenophora

(d) Annelida

Answer

(c) Ctenophora

Explanation: Ctenophores, or comb jellies, have eight rows of ciliary comb plates used for locomotion.


Fill in the Blanks

(Each question carries 1 mark)

  1. Metabolism consists of two types: ___ and catabolism.
  2. Linnaeus created ___ steps in classification.
  3. The scientific name should be written in ___.
  4. Annelids have a ___ circulatory system.
  5. Excretory cells in Platyhelminthes are known as ___.
  6. Coelom is present in the body of ___.
  7. Gills or ctenidia or pulmonary sacs are the respiratory organs of ___.
  8. Pneumatic bones are the characteristic feature of the class ___.

Answer

  • Anabolism
  • 7
  • Italics
  • Closed
  • Flame cells
  • Coelomates
  • Mollusca
  • Aves

True or False

(Each question carries 1 mark)

Question 1

Bat is a mammal.

Answer

True

Explanation:

  • Bats belong to Class Mammalia because they have mammary glands, fur, and give birth to live young.
  • Unlike birds, bats do not have feathers, and their wings are modified forelimbs with a thin membrane called the patagium.

Question 2

Crocodile’s heart is four-chambered.

Answer

True

Explanation:

  • Crocodiles are reptiles, but unlike other reptiles (which have a three-chambered heart), they have a four-chambered heart.
  • This adaptation helps them maintain efficient oxygen circulation, similar to birds and mammals.

Question 3

Elasmobranch fishes have gill covered by an operculum.

Answer

False

Explanation:

  • Elasmobranchs (cartilaginous fishes) like sharks, rays, and skates do not have an operculum (a bony gill cover).
  • Instead, they have naked gill slits that open directly outside.

Question 4

Ostrich is a flightless bird.

Answer

True

Explanation:

  • Ostriches belong to Class Aves but are flightless because they have heavy bodies, strong legs, and small wings.
  • Instead of flying, they are fast runners and use their strong legs for self-defense.

Question 5

Seed-bearing plants are spermatophytes.

Answer

True

Explanation:

  • Spermatophytes are plants that reproduce via seeds rather than spores.
  • They include gymnosperms (e.g., pine trees) and angiosperms (flowering plants).

Question 6

Bacterial cell has a true nucleus.

Answer

False

Explanation:

  • Bacteria belong to Kingdom Monera and are prokaryotic, meaning they lack a true nucleus.
  • Instead, their genetic material is present in a nucleoid region, which is not enclosed by a membrane.

Column Matching

(Each question carries 1 mark)

Column I Column II
(a) Sebaceous glands (a) Reptilia
(b) Naked glandular skin (b) Cnidaria
(c) Cnidoblast cells (c) Amphibia
(d) Epidermal scales (d) Mammalia
(e) Gastrovascular cavity (e) Porifera
(f) Spicules (f) Cnidaria

Answer

Column I Column II Explanation
(a) Sebaceous glands (d) Mammalia Sebaceous glands are found in mammals, producing oil (sebum) to keep the skin moisturized.
(b) Naked glandular skin (c) Amphibia Amphibians like frogs have naked glandular skin, which helps in respiration and moisture retention.
(c) Cnidoblast cells (b) Cnidaria Cnidoblast cells are stinging cells (nematocysts) found in Cnidaria (e.g., jellyfish, Hydra).
(d) Epidermal scales (a) Reptilia Reptiles (e.g., snakes, lizards) have epidermal scales for protection and moisture retention.
(e) Gastrovascular cavity (e) Porifera  (Correct: Cnidaria) The gastrovascular cavity is a digestive system found in Cnidaria, not Porifera (sponges lack a digestive cavity).
(f) Spicules (f) Porifera Spicules are structural elements in sponges (Porifera) that provide support and protection.

Choosing the Odd One and Writing It

(Each question carries 1 mark)

Question 1

Monera, Protista, Mycoplasma, Bacteria, Fungi

Answer

Fungi

Explanation:

  • Monera (Bacteria, Mycoplasma) and Protista are unicellular organisms.
  • Fungi are multicellular (except yeast), making them different from the others.

Question 2

Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Penicillium

Answer

Fungi

Explanation:

  • Monera (Bacteria, Mycoplasma) and Protista are unicellular organisms.
  • Fungi are multicellular (except yeast), making them different from the others.

Question 3

Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Magnifera

Answer

Magnifera

Explanation:

  • Algae, Bryophyta, and Pteridophyta are lower plants (non-seed producing).
  • Magnifera (Mango plant) is an angiosperm (flowering plant), making it different.

Question 4

Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Amphibia

Answer

Amphibia

Explanation:

  • Porifera, Cnidaria, and Ctenophora are invertebrates.
  • Amphibia (frogs, toads) belong to Vertebrata, making it the odd one out.

Finding a Suitable Word in the Second Pair

(Each question carries 1 mark)

Question 1

Naked glandular skin: Amphibia :: Body covered with feathers: ___

Answer

Aves

Explanation: Amphibians have naked, moist glandular skin, whereas Aves (birds) have feathers for insulation and flight.

Question 2

Gills are naked: Chondrichthyes :: Gills are covered by an operculum: ____

Answer

Osteichthyes

Explanation:

  • Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish, e.g., sharks) have exposed gills (no operculum).
  • Osteichthyes (bony fish, e.g., rohu, catla) have gills covered by an operculum.

Question 3

Body covered with spines: Echinodermata :: Body covered by calcareous shell: ____

Answer

Mollusca

Explanation:

  • Echinoderms (e.g., sea stars, sea urchins) have spiny exoskeletons.
  • Mollusks (e.g., snails, clams) have calcareous shells for protection.

Finding a Specific Term from a Set of Words/Phrases

(Each question carries 1 mark)

  1. Identification, Nomenclature, and Classification are connected with:
  2. The science of naming plants is called:
  3. Animal group with a pseudo coelom is:
  4. Water vascular system is a trait of:

Answer

  1. Taxonomy
  2. Binomial Nomenclature
  3. Nematoda
  4. Echinodermata

Very Short Answer (VSA) Type Questions

(Each question carries 1 mark)

Question 1

Who first used the term taxonomy?

Answer

John Ray

Question 2

Who proposed the name ‘Biology’?

Answer

Lamarck and Treviranus

Question 3

Who is regarded as the father of Zoology?

Answer

Aristotle

Question 4

Who is called the father of Botany?

Answer

Theophrastus

Question 5

Who is the father of taxonomy?

Answer

Carl Linnaeus

Question 6

Who proposed binomial nomenclature?

Answer

Carl Linnaeus

Question 7

In which animal is the canal system found?

Answer

Porifera (Sponges)


Short Answer (SA) Type Questions

(Each question carries 2 marks)

Question 1

Define coelom. Where is it found in invertebrates?

Answer

Coelom is a fluid-filled body cavity completely lined by mesoderm.

In invertebrates, coelom is found in Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Chordata.

Question 2

Write two salient features of an insect.

Answer

The two salient features of an insect are

  • Body is divided into three parts – Head, Thorax, and Abdomen.
  • Three pairs of jointed legs are present, making them hexapods

Question 3

Why has the name Porifera been given?

Answer

The name Porifera means “pore-bearers” because their body has numerous pores (ostia) that allow water to circulate through them.

Question 4

Why is the name Annelida given to the phylum?

Answer

The name Annelida is derived from the Latin word “annulus” (ring) because their bodies are segmented into ring-like sections (metameres).

Question 5

Why is a sea star called an Echinodermata?

Answer

The term Echinodermata means “spiny-skinned”. Sea stars belong to this phylum because their body is covered with spines and has a calcareous endoskeleton.

Question 6

Name the different canal systems in Porifera.

Answer

he three types of canal systems in Porifera are:

  1. Ascon type
  2. Sycon type
  3. Leucon type

Question 7

Name one diploblastic animal. Why is it so called?

Answer

Example: Hydra (from phylum Cnidaria). Diploblastic animals have two germ layers – ectoderm and endoderm, with a non-cellular mesoglea in between.

Question 8

What is a gastrovascular cavity? Where is it found?

Answer

The gastrovascular cavity is a central digestive cavity with only one opening (serving as both mouth and anus). It is found in Cnidaria (e.g., Hydra) and Platyhelminthes (e.g., Planaria).


Long Answer (LA) Type Questions

(Each question carries 5 marks)

Question 1

Give one single character for each class and identify all the classes of vertebrates.

Answer

The vertebrates belong to Phylum Chordata and are classified into different classes based on their unique characteristics:

Class Characteristic Feature
Cyclostomata Jawless fish with circular mouth (e.g., Lamprey)
Chondrichthyes Cartilaginous fish with naked gills (e.g., Shark)
Osteichthyes Bony fish with operculum-covered gills (e.g., Rohu)
Amphibia Moist glandular skin, undergoes metamorphosis (e.g., Frog)
Reptilia Dry, scaly skin, lays amniotic eggs (e.g., Lizard)
Aves Feathers present, forelimbs modified as wings (e.g., Pigeon)
Mammalia Mammary glands, external pinna present (e.g., Human)

Question 2

Write the differences between Invertebrata and Vertebrata (mention only 5 points).

Answer

Invertebrata Vertebrata
1.No vertebral column. 1. Vertebral column present.
2. Notochord absent. 2. Notochord present (at least in the embryonic stage).
3. Open circulatory system (except in some like Annelida). 3. Closed circulatory system.
4. Respiration through gills, skin, or body surface. 4. Respiration through gills or lungs.
5. Body organization ranges from simple to complex. 5. More complex body organization with developed organ systems.

 

Question 3

Give 5 characteristics of invertebrates with two examples.

Answer

Characteristics of Invertebrates:

  1. No backbone or vertebral column.
  2. Most invertebrates have an open circulatory system.
  3. Respiration occurs through skin, gills, or trachea.
  4. Exoskeleton may be present for protection (e.g., insects, mollusks).
  5. Reproduction may be sexual or asexual.

Question 4

Name the five Kingdoms of classification by Whittaker.

Answer

The Five Kingdom Classification proposed by R.H. Whittaker (1969):

  1. Monera – Prokaryotic, unicellular organisms (e.g., Bacteria).
  2. Protista – Unicellular eukaryotic organisms (e.g., Amoeba, Paramecium).
  3. Fungi – Heterotrophic, saprophytic organisms (e.g., Yeast, Mushroom).
  4. Plantae – Autotrophic, multicellular organisms (e.g., Algae, Trees).
  5. Animalia – Multicellular, heterotrophic organisms (e.g., Humans, Insects).

Question 5

Name the seven steps in Linnaean hierarchy.

Answer

The seven taxonomic ranks in Linnaean hierarchy are:

  1. Kingdom
  2. Phylum (for animals) / Division (for plants)
  3. Class
  4. Order
  5. Family
  6. Genus
  7. Species

Question 6

Give the characteristics of Kingdom Monera with one example.

Answer

Characteristics of Kingdom Monera:

  1. Prokaryotic organisms (No true nucleus).
  2. Unicellular organisms, but can form colonies.
  3. Cell wall present in bacteria, made of peptidoglycan.
  4. Reproduce asexually by binary fission.
  5. Some are autotrophic (Cyanobacteria), while others are heterotrophic (Bacteria).

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