Chapter 2 – (c) Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants | Life Science Solution Class 10

1. Jasmine 
2. Rose 
3. Lotus 
4. Cucurbita

Question

1. China rose is a ____ flower.
2. ____ is a unisexual flower.
3. Fruit formation without fertilization is called _____.
4. Megaspore mother cell divides by ____.
5. Seed is formed from the ____ after fertilization.
6. ____ is formed by the fusion of gametes.
7. After fertilization, the ovary is converted into ____.
8. Zygote is the product of the union of ____ and ____ gametes.
9. Double plant fertilization takes place in ____ plant.
10. Pollination is the process of transfer of pollen grains from ____ to ____.

Answer

1. bisexual
2. Papaya
3. parthenocarpy
4. meiosis
5. ovule
6. zygote
7. fruit
8. male and female
9. angiosperm
10. anther to stigma

Very Short Answer (VSA) type questions

Question 1

Write the names of the whorls directly related to sexual reproduction in the case of flowers.

Answer

The whorls directly related to sexual reproduction in flowers are:

1. The Androecium
2. The Gynoecium or pistil

Question 2

Answer

The statement is not universally true; it depends on the specific mechanism of parthenogenesis employed by the organism.

Question 3

What are the reproductive parts of a flowering plant ?

Answer

The reproductive parts of a flowering plant are:

1. Stamen (male reproductive part)
2. Pistil/Carpel (female reproductive part)

Question 4

Cite an example of a monoecious plant. 

Answer

One example of a monoecious plant is maize (corn).

Question 5

What is a dioecious plant?

Answer

Question 6

Which are the male and female sex organs of flowering plants? 

Answer

The male sex organs of flowering plants are the stamens, while the female sex organs are the pistils/carpels.

Question 7

Is the embryo haploid or diploid?

Answer

An embryo is diploid, as it is formed by the fusion of haploid gametes (sperm and egg) during fertilization.

Question 8

Which part of a flower is transformed into a fruit after fertilization?

Answer

The ovary of a flower is transformed into a fruit after fertilization.

Question 9

Which part is transformed in seed after fertilization?

Answer

The ovule of a flower is transformed into a seed after fertilization.

Short Answer (SA) type questions

Question 1

What is a flower? 

Answer

A flower is the reproductive structure of angiosperms (flowering plants) that is responsible for sexual reproduction. It typically consists of sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils.

Question 2

Answer

Fertilization is the process in which the sperm cell from a male gamete fuses with the egg cell from a female gamete to form a zygote, which develops into a new individual with a unique combination of genetic material.

Question 3

What are an ovum and zygote ?

Answer

An ovum, also known as an egg cell, is the female gamete or reproductive cell.

A zygote is the initial cell formed when two gamete cells, a sperm and an egg, fuse during fertilization.

Question 4

Write the name of two unisexual flowers.

Answer

Two examples of unisexual flowers are:

1. Maize (Zea mays)
2. Squash (Cucurbita pepo)

Question 5

Name two dioecious plants. 

Answer

Two examples of dioecious plants are:

1. Ginkgos
2. Willows

Question 6

When is a plant said to be monoecious? Give example. 

Answer

A plant is said to be monoecious when it has separate male and female flowers on the same plant. An example of a monoecious plant is maize (corn).

Question 7

When is a plant said to be dioecious? 

Answer

A plant is said to be dioecious when it has separate male and female individuals. This means that some plants in the species are exclusively male, while others are exclusively female.

Question 8

What is an ovule ? 

Answer

An ovule is a reproductive structure found in the ovaries of flowering plants. It is the structure that contains the female gamete, or egg cell and is the site of fertilization.

Question 9

What is an embryo sac?

Answer

An embryo sac is a structure found within the ovule of a flowering plant. It is the female gametophyte, or the haploid tissue that produces the egg cell for sexual reproduction.

Question 10

What is fertilization?

Answer

Fertilization is the process by which the sperm cell from a male gamete fuses with the egg cell from a female gamete to form a zygote. It is the union of the two haploid gametes to form a diploid cell, which then develops into a new individual with a unique combination of genetic material.

Question 11

What is syngamy?

Answer

Syngamy is another term for fertilization, which is the process by which the sperm cell from a male gamete fuses with the egg cell from a female gamete to form a zygote. Syngamy is the union of the two haploid gametes to form a diploid cell, which then develops into a new individual with a unique combination of genetic material.

Question 12

What is double fertilization?

Answer

Double fertilization is a process unique to flowering plants, in which two sperm cells from the male gamete unite with two cells in the female gamete to form both the embryo and the endosperm, which nourishes the developing embryo.

Question 13

State the names of the sexual reproductive organs of a plant and mention their functions.

Answer

The functions of the sexual reproductive organs are as follows:

• Stamen: The stamen produces and releases pollen, which contains the male gametes.
• Pistil/Carpel: The pistil or carpel is responsible for producing and releasing the female gametes, housed within the ovules.

Question 14

What do you mean by sperm and ovum in plants?

Answer

Sperm refers to the male gamete, which is produced by the anther of the stamen and contained within the pollen grain.

Ovum refers to the female gamete, which is produced within the ovule of the pistil and is capable of being fertilized by the sperm during sexual reproduction.

Question 15

Write the names of the whorls directly related to sexual reproduction in case of a flower.

Answer

The whorls directly related to sexual reproduction in a flower are the androecium and gynoecium. The androecium is the male reproductive part, consisting of the stamens that produce and release pollen, while the gynoecium is the female reproductive part, consisting of the pistil(s) that contain the ovary, style, and stigma and produce the ovules.

Long Answer (LA) type questions

Question 1

(a) What is a flower? (b) How many floral whorls are present in a flower?

Answer

(a) A flower is the reproductive structure of angiosperms (flowering plants) that is responsible for sexual reproduction. It typically consists of sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils.

(b) A flower typically has four whorls or sets of structures arranged in concentric circles. From the outermost to the innermost, these whorls are sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils. However, not all flowers have all four whorls, and some may have additional structures such as bracts or modified petals.

Question 2

What do you mean by dioecious and monoecious organisms?

Answer

Dioecious and monoecious are terms used to describe the sexual reproductive systems of organisms.

1. Dioecious organisms are those that have separate male and female individuals. This means that some individuals in the species are exclusively male, while others are exclusively female. Unlike monoecious organisms, dioecious organisms do not have both male and female reproductive organs in the same individual.
2. Monoecious organisms are those that have separate male and female flowers on the same individual. This means that the male and female reproductive organs are present in separate flowers on the same plant. Monoecious organisms are also sometimes referred to as hermaphrodite or bisexual organisms.

Question 3

(a) What is an ovule? (b) What is converted into a seed after fertilization?

Answer

(a) An ovule is a reproductive structure found in the ovaries of flowering plants. It is the structure that contains the female gamete, or egg cell and is the site of fertilization. After fertilization, the ovule develops into a seed, which contains the embryo and a supply of nutrients for the developing plant.

(b) The ovule of a flower is converted into a seed after fertilization. During fertilization, the sperm cell from a male gamete fuses with the egg cell from a female gamete to form a zygote. The zygote then develops into an embryo, while the ovule itself develops into a seed coat that surrounds the embryo and provides nutrients for its growth.

Question 4

What are the changes that take place in the ovule after fertilization?

Answer

After fertilization, the ovule undergoes several changes that transform it into a seed. These changes include:

1. The zygote develops into an embryo, which will form the new plant.
2. The ovule’s integuments (protective outer layers) develop into a seed coat that surrounds and protects the embryo.
3. The endosperm, a tissue that provides nutrients for the developing embryo, is formed by the fusion of the second male gamete with the two polar nuclei.
4. The ovary develops into a fruit, which protects and disperses the seeds.

Question 5

Describe the process of fertilization in flowering plants.

Answer

Fertilization is a process that occurs during sexual reproduction in flowering plants. The process of fertilization in flowering plants can be described as follows:

1. Pollination: The process starts with the transfer of pollen from the anther of the stamen to the stigma of the pistil. Pollination can occur through wind, insects, birds, or other animals.
2. Germination of pollen: Once the pollen grain lands on the stigma, it begins to germinate and grow a pollen tube down the style towards the ovary.
3. Penetration of the ovule: The pollen tube penetrates the micropyle (a small pore) in the ovule, and the male gametes (sperm cells) move down the pollen tube towards the egg cell.
4. Fertilization: Once the pollen tube reaches the egg cell, one of the sperm cells fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote. This zygote develops into an embryo, while the ovule develops into a seed.
5. Formation of endosperm: The second sperm cell fuses with two polar nuclei in the ovule, forming a triploid cell that develops into the endosperm, which provides nutrients for the developing embryo.
6. Seed development: The ovary of the flower develops into a fruit, which protects and disperses the seeds. The seed itself consists of the embryo, the endosperm, and a protective seed coat formed from the ovule’s integuments.

Drawing based questions

Question 1

Draw the diagram of different parts of a complete flower and label those parts.

Answer