Chapter 5 – (C) Environment And Human Population | Life Science Solution Class 10

1. Tansley
2. Reiter
3. Odum
4. E-Munch.

1. decreases in population growth
2. zero population growth
3. increase in population growth
4. overpopulation.

Very Short-Answer (VSA) type questions

Question 1

What is hibernation? 

Answer

Hibernation is a state of inactivity and metabolic depression in animals during winter in order to conserve energy and survive harsh environmental conditions.

Question 2

What is lithosphere ? 

Answer

Lithosphere is the solid, outermost layer of the Earth that comprises the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle, and is composed of rocks, minerals, and various geological features.

Question 3

What is atmosphere ? 

Answer

Atmosphere the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth.

Question 4

What is hydrosphere?

Answer

Hydrosphere refers to the entire water component of the Earth, including all the water on the planet, such as oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, groundwater, and atmospheric water vapor, and is an essential component for supporting life on Earth.

Question 5

What is ecosphere ? 

Answer

Ecosphere, also known as the biosphere, is the part of the Earth where living organisms exist and interact with each other and with the non-living components of the environment, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

Question 6

What do you mean by abiotic factors?

Answer

Abiotic factors refer to the non-living, physical or chemical components of the environment that affect living organisms, including temperature, light, water, air, soil, minerals, and other physical and chemical factors.

Short Answer (SA) type questions

Question 1

Define environment.

Answer

Environment refers to the complex physical, chemical, biological, and cultural factors that surround an organism, and includes all living and non-living things with which an organism interacts.

Question 2

Define Biosphere. 

Answer

Biosphere refers to the entire part of the Earth that supports life, and includes all ecosystems, organisms, and their interactions with each other and the environment.

Question 3

What is the competition? 

Answer

Competition is a process where two or more individuals or populations compete for a limited resource, such as food, water, or shelter. It can negatively impact the survival and growth of the weaker competitor and plays an important role in shaping the structure and dynamics of ecological communities.

Question 4

What is natality or birth rate? 

Answer

Natality or birth rate refers to the number of births that occur in a population over a certain period of time, usually expressed as the number of births per 1,000 individuals in the population per year.

Question 5

What is mortality or death?

Long Answer (LA) type questions

Question 1

What are the problems caused by the ever-increasing population?

Answer

The ever-increasing population can lead to various problems, including:

1. Pressure on natural resources: As the population grows, the demand for natural resources such as water, food, and land increases, which can lead to overexploitation, depletion, and degradation of these resources.
2. Environmental degradation: The increasing population leads to the conversion of natural habitats to human settlements and agricultural land, which can result in deforestation, soil erosion, and loss of biodiversity. This can have serious environmental consequences and impact the ecosystem services that support human well-being.
3. Strain on infrastructure and services: Rapid population growth can lead to strain on infrastructure and services, such as healthcare, education, and transportation, which can result in inadequate or insufficient services for the population.
4. Increased poverty and inequality: High population growth rates can lead to poverty and inequality, particularly in developing countries, as the available resources are distributed among more people, leading to greater competition and deprivation.
5. Social and political unrest: Overpopulation can lead to social and political unrest, particularly in areas with limited resources, leading to conflict, migration, and instability.

Question 2

What types of lung diseases develop due to environmental pollution?

Answer

Exposure to environmental pollution can lead to various types of lung diseases, including:

1. Asthma: Environmental pollutants such as particulate matter, ozone, and nitrogen oxides can trigger asthma symptoms and exacerbations.
2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Long-term exposure to pollutants such as cigarette smoke, biomass fuel smoke, and air pollution can lead to COPD, which is characterized by chronic inflammation and progressive lung function decline.
3. Lung cancer: Exposure to air pollutants such as radon, benzene, and diesel exhaust can increase the risk of developing lung cancer.
4. Pulmonary fibrosis: Exposure to environmental pollutants such as asbestos and silica can lead to pulmonary fibrosis, which is characterized by scarring of the lung tissue and impaired lung function.
5. Respiratory infections: Exposure to pollutants can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of respiratory infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.

Question 3

How is cancer related to environmental pollution ?

Answer

1. Environmental pollution contains carcinogens.
2. Carcinogens can damage DNA and promote the development of cancer.
3. Air pollution is linked to an increased risk of lung cancer.
4. Exposure to chemicals in the workplace or environment can increase the risk of certain cancers.
5. Reducing exposure to pollution and carcinogens can help reduce the risk of cancer.