Chapter 3 – Resistance and Rebellion | Chapter Solution Class 10

Match the columns

Fill in the blanks

1. Name one leader of the ‘Rangpur Rebellion’ was ____.
2. Bhil Rebellion started in Maharashtra in ____.
3. Sidhu was the leader of ____ Rebellion.
4. Titumir was the leader of ____ revolt.

Answer

1. Sk Nuruluddin
2. 1819
3. Santhal rebellion
4. Barasat

Give the correct interpretation

Question 

Statement: Taking possession of Damin-i-Koh was the main reason Santhal Rebellion 

• Interpretation 1: It is fertile land, 
• Interpretation 2: Area with religious value and Tax-Free land, 
• Interpretation 3: Grazing land of Santhals.

Answer

Interpretation 2: Area with religious value and Tax-Free land

Answer each in Two or Three sentences 

Question 1

What was the cause of the Rumpa Rebellion?

Answer

The main causes of the Rumpa Rebellion were:

• Rumpa Tribe had to pay taxes for cutting trees or grazing their animals in the forest.
• Rumpa Tribe lost their khutkathi due to the implementation of Forest law in 1859.

Question 2

Who are known as ‘Chuar’?

Answer

The term “Chuar” is a historical and derogatory term used for a community of people who were traditionally involved in hunting and gathering activities in the Chotanagpur Plateau region of eastern India, which includes parts of present-day Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal, and Odisha.

Question 3

Mention two important characteristic features of Kol Rebellion.

Answer

The two important characteristic features of the Kol Rebellion were

1. This rebellion spread quickly over the forested area of Manbhum, Singbhum, Ranchi, Hazaribagh, Palamau and Chhotanagpur.
2. This Rebellion aimed their attack exclusively on the landlords, hoarders, moneylenders and British officials.

Question 4

What do you understand by the term ‘Damin-i-Kohi’?

Answer

Question 5

Mention two reasons of the Santhal Rebellion.

Answer

The two main causes of the Santhal Rebellion were

1. When taxes were imposed on them, they had to borrow from the moneylenders at steep rates of interest,
2. Being heavily in debt, the Santhal people had to sell off all their worldly possessions in order to repay their loans.

Question 6

Who was Birsa Munda?

Answer

Birsa Munda was a prominent tribal leader and freedom fighter from the Munda tribe of Chhotanagpur region in present-day Jharkhand, India. He was born in 1875 in a small village called Ulihatu, and he played a significant role in the indigenous uprisings against the British colonial government in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Question 7

What was the leading cause of the Rangpur Rebellion? 

Answer

The main cause of the Rangpur Rebellion (1783) was the imposition of a high land tax on the landlords and tenants by the leaseholder Debi Singh. If the landlords or tenants were unable to pay the taxes on time, they were oppressed in many ways, and their properties were confiscated. The rebellion was a result of the farmers’ dissatisfaction and their desire to establish an independent local government.

Question 8

Give the names of two important leaders of the Bhil Rebellion.

Answer

Chil Nayek and Hiriya were two important leaders of the Bhil Rebellion (1818-1846).

Question 9

What was the main cause of the Sanyasi Rebellion?

Answer

The main cause of the Sanyasi Rebellion were

1. Economic distress: Peasants in Bengal suffered due to high taxes, forced cultivation of indigo, and an oppressive revenue system under British rule.
2. Religious resentment: British restrictions on traditional religious practices led to resentment among Sannyasis and Fakirs who felt their way of life was threatened.
3. Political oppression: British laws and regulations curtailed political and social rights, leading to a rebellion by Sannyasis and Fakirs who sought to assert their independence.

Question 10

What are the meanings of ‘Farazi’ and ‘Wahabi’?

Answer

‘Farazi’ means followers of the command of Allah.

‘Wahabi’ means regeneration.

Question 11

What are the main features of the Farazi Rebellion?

Answer

The Farazi Movement is characterised by these features-

1. To remove all superstitions prevalent in Islam, provide financial independence to people and secure an independent state.
2. It also aimed at ending tyranny and frustration and introducing hope in the minds of people for a new life.
3. The Farazi Movement had started to deal with religious issues, but in course of time, it took a political turn. Many Hindu farmers also joined the movement.

Question 12

Why is Titumir remembered even today?

Answer

Titumir, also known as Mir Nishar Ali (1782-1831), is remembered as a heroic figure in the history of Bengal for his leadership in the Barasat Revolt of 1831. He played an active role in spreading the Wahabi Movement in Bengal and was known for his opposition to the British East India Company and the local zamindars (landlords) who oppressed the peasants and workers.

Question 13

What was mentioned in the report published by the ‘Indigo Commission’?

Answer

J. P. Grant, the Deputy Viceroy of Bengal, constituted the Indigo Commission on 31st December 1860. This five-member Commission reported that on principle, the cultivation of Indigo was harmful and erroneous. At the recommendations of the Indigo Commission, the price of Indigo was increased.

Question 14

Give an account of Damin-i-Koh.

Answer

Damin-i-Koh was the land of Santhals situated in the Rajmahal hills. The British persuaded the Santhals to live in the foothills of Rajmahal by giving land to them. By 1832, a large part of the land was demarcated as Damin-i-Koh and was declared as the land of Santhals. They had to live in this region, practise plough agriculture and had to become settled agriculturalists.

Question 15

What was the aim of the Tana Bhagat Movement?

• Farazi Rebellion (1818-1905): Haji Shariyatullah (1781-1837) was the pioneer of the Farazi movement in India. The Farazi Movement lasted from 1818 to 1906. The word Farazi means ‘mandatory duties as per Islam’.
• Characteristics: The Farazi Movement is characterised by these features-

1. To remove all superstitions prevalent in Islam, provide financial independence to people and secure an independent state.
2. It also aimed at ending tyranny and frustration and introducing hope in the minds of people for a new life.
3. The Farazi Movement had started to deal with religious issues, but in course of time, it took a political turn. Many Hindu farmers also joined the movement.

• Importance: The ideology of the Farazi Movement was not contained within Dhaka, Pabna, Bakhargunj, Mymensingh, Noakhali and Khulna alone, but it spread to Tripura and West Bengal also. After the death of Dudhu Mian (1862), his son Noah Mian again changed the Farazi Movement into a religious movement.
  (i) Firstly, because of narrow religious principles, the Hindu-Muslim unity did not hold ground.
  (ii) Secondly, the absence of political consciousness, real life experience and definite goals resulted in the failure of the movement.
  (iii) Thirdly, when Dudhu Mian was imprisoned, the movement became rudderless without a leader.

Question 7

Discuss the features of the Wahabi Movement.

Answer

The features of the Wahabi Movement are

• The Wahabi Movement had religious, political, economic and other features.
• It was primarily a movement by the Muslims and for the Muslims, although Hindus also joined.
• It started as a fight against religious superstitions and lower caste oppressed Hindus also joined.
• Politically, it was an uninterrupted fight against British rule till 1870.
• They called British-ruled India as ‘land of the enemy’ (dar-ul-harb) and aimed to establish the ‘land of piety (dar-ul-Islam)’.
• The movement was communistic in nature and became an economic revolt of the peasants against the landlords.

Explanatory questions

Question 1

What are the characteristic features of the Chaur Rebellion? Give a brief account of the Kol Rebellion.

Answer

The characteristic features of the Chaur Rebellion are:

1. The Chuar Rebellion was a fight to maintain the Chuar tribals’ rights over the forest resources and land given by landlords.
2. The landlords started to forcibly take away the lands belonging to the Chuar people after the introduction of the Permanent Settlement Act (1793) in Bengal.
3. Rani Shiromoni, the queen of Karnagarh, took the leadership of the revolt in north-west Medinipur, and her three main centres were Shalbani, Bahadur, and Karnagarh.
4. Chuar rebels, under the leadership of Durjon Singha, occupied 30 villages of Raipur and burned down Government offices in Salboni.

The Kol Rebellion, 1831-32

The Kol Rebellion took place in 1831-32 in the Chhotanagpur area of Bihar. The rebellion was mainly led by the Kol community, who revolted against the landlords, money-lenders and the British Government. After the introduction of the Permanent Settlement Act, the oppression of the Kol tribals increased, which led to the rebellion. However, in the Battle of Chaibasa in 1820-21, the Kols were defeated by the British forces who were armed with modern firearms.

Characteristics of Kol Rebellion:

• The Kol Rebellion took place in 1831-32 in the Chhotanagpur area of Bihar.
• The main leaders of the rebellion were Buddha Bhagat, Bindrai Manki, Sui, Munda, etc.
• The rebellion quickly spread over forested areas of Manbhum, Singbhum, Ranchi, Hazaribagh, Palamau, and Chhota Nagpur.
• For two months, the rebels targeted landlords, hoarders, moneylenders, and British officials.
• The rebels protested against leasing out land to Hindu, Muslim, and Sikh moneylenders who charged exorbitant taxes.
• Mass movement and collective action were important features of the rebellion.

Question 2

Give an account of Santhal Rebellion along with its importance.

Answer

Beginning of Santhal Rebellion : The Santhal Rebellion or Hool was an unrest that started in 1855 as a result of the demand for Permanent Settlement. It began as a fight to maintain the Santhals’ rights over the trees of the forest in the ‘damin i koh’ or foothill lands. The Santhals, who were a united and close-knit group, became angry when outsiders such as zamindars, moneylenders, and others started troubling them. The rebellion was initially restricted to the non-taxable lands, covering 1366 square miles, of which 866 square miles was surrounded by hills, and 500 square miles were agricultural land.

Characteristic of the Santhal Rebellion

1. The Santhal Rebellion began in 1855.
2. The Santhals were peace-loving forest dwellers living in a vast area between Rajmahal in Bihar and Murshidabad in West Bengal.
3. The rebellion was a response to the oppression of landlords, double-crossing leaseholders, and government policies to increase taxes.

Importance of the Santhal Rebellion

1. The Santhal Rebellion had far-reaching effects and spread rapidly across various regions.
2. The English army crushed the revolt, but the Government had to create a separate area called ‘Santhaldihi Paragana’ for the Santhal community.
3. The rebellion showed that even unarmed farmers could build resistance and turn it into a large-scale rebellion.
4. The rebellion spread to non-tribal people and lower-caste Hindus.
5. The Government created a separate reserve for the Santhal people and reserved parts of the forest land for them under the Forest Act of 1859.

Question 3

Discuss the achievements of Birsa Munda.

Answer

Birsa Munda was a charismatic tribal leader and freedom fighter who played an important role in India’s struggle for independence. He was born in 1875 in the Munda tribe of Chhotanagpur Plateau, which is now in Jharkhand.

Birsa Munda’s main goal was to unite the tribes of Chhotanagpur and lead them in a rebellion against British rule. He began his movement in 1895, and within a year he had a large following among the tribal communities of the region.

Some of the notable achievements of Birsa Munda are:

1. Uniting the Tribes: Birsa Munda’s most significant achievement was uniting the tribes of Chhotanagpur, which had been divided among themselves for generations. He urged the tribal people to shed their differences and come together to fight against the common enemy, the British.
2. Revolt against the British: Birsa Munda led a revolt against British rule in the region in 1895. He attacked British officials, destroyed government property and mobilized the tribal people to resist British rule. Although the revolt was eventually suppressed by the British, Birsa Munda’s legacy lived on and inspired other freedom fighters.
3. Propagation of Culture: Birsa Munda was a champion of tribal culture and traditions. He encouraged the tribal people to embrace their culture and resist the cultural assimilation policies of the British. He advocated for the revival of traditional practices and beliefs and opposed the imposition of Western culture and education.
4. Formation of a New Religion: Birsa Munda founded a new religion called the “Jharkhand Movement,” which was a blend of traditional tribal beliefs and Christianity. The movement attracted many followers and played a significant role in the social and political transformation of the tribal communities.

Question 4

Make a comparative discussion of the Farazi and Wahabi Movements.

Answer

Question 5

Write a short essay on Indigo Revolt.

Answer

The Indigo Revolt, also known as the Nilbidroha, was a peasant uprising against the oppressive indigo plantation system in Bengal, India, in the late 19th century. The indigo planters forced the peasants to cultivate indigo on their land, which was a cash crop that was in high demand in Europe. The peasants were forced to grow indigo instead of food crops, and they were paid very little for their labour. The indigo planters also imposed heavy taxes and fines on the peasants, which made their lives even more difficult.

The Indigo Revolt was sparked by a group of peasants who refused to cultivate indigo on their land and organized a protest against the planters. The movement spread quickly, and soon, thousands of peasants joined the revolt. The revolt was led by leaders like Digambar Biswas, Bishnu Biswas, and many others.

The Indigo Revolt was one of the first peasant uprisings against British rule in India, and it was a significant challenge to British authority. The British responded to the revolt with force, and many peasants were arrested and punished severely. However, the revolt also drew attention to the plight of the peasants and led to the passing of the Indigo Commission in 1860, which made it illegal for planters to force peasants to cultivate indigo.

The Indigo Revolt was a turning point in the history of the Indian peasant movement, and it inspired many other movements against British rule. The revolt also led to the growth of nationalist sentiment in India and played a significant role in the Indian independence movement. The Indigo Revolt was a reminder that the peasants were an important force in Indian society and that their struggles could not be ignored.

Question 6

Discuss the features of the Indigo Revolt.

Answer

The Indigo Revolt was a widespread rebellion that took place in Bengal in the late 19th century. Some of the key features of the Indigo Revolt include:

1. Forced cultivation: The British planters forced the local farmers to cultivate indigo on their lands instead of other crops, which led to a significant reduction in the income of the farmers.
2. Exploitative practices: The planters imposed unfair contracts on the farmers, which included provisions such as compulsory cultivation of indigo, the provision of free labour, and the payment of high rents.
3. Low wages: The planters paid very low wages to the farmers, which made it difficult for them to make ends meet.
4. Revolt: The farmers organized themselves and launched a massive uprising against the British planters. They formed a resistance movement and attacked the indigo factories and the planters’ houses.
5. Leadership: The Indigo Revolt was led by Digambar Biswas and Bishnu Biswas, who mobilized the farmers and organized them into a powerful resistance movement.
6. Non-violent protests: The farmers used a range of non-violent protests such as strikes, boycotts, and peaceful demonstrations to highlight their grievances.
7. Response of the British: The British initially responded to the revolt with violence and repression, but eventually, they had to bow down to the demands of the farmers and change their policies towards indigo cultivation.
8. Impact: The Indigo Revolt played a crucial role in the development of the Indian nationalist movement. It served as an inspiration for future peasant movements and was one of the earliest examples of successful resistance against British rule.

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