The phenotypic ratio obtained in the F2 generation of Mendel’s dihybrid cross experiment is 9:3:3:1.

The salt glands on the surface of the leaves secrete salt. Old leaves may store salt.

The term that includes the other three is PBR (People's Biodiversity Register).

Reason:

A PBR documents the overall knowledge regarding local biological resources, traditional beliefs, and their sustainable use.

The red panda is one of the endangered animals conserved at Singalila National Park.

1. The cough reflex helps to expel the food particles from the trachea and prevent choking.
2. The sneeze reflex helps to expel the foreign particles from the nasal cavity and prevent irritation of the airways.

1. Spectacles with convex lenses are used to correct Hypermetropia (farsightedness)
2. Spectacles with concave lenses are used to correct myopia (nearsightedness).

1. Insulin
2. Thyroid Stimulating hormone.
3. Luteinizing Hormone
4. Adrenaline

A resting animal attempts to move for these four probable reasons as given below:

1. To find food and water
2. In search of a suitable habitat
3. To escape from predators
4. In search of a mate.

Here are two changes related to vision and bones in late adulthood or the senescence phase of human development:

• Vision: The lens of the eye becomes less elastic, making it harder to focus on near objects. This is called presbyopia.
• Bones: Bones become less dense and more brittle, making them more likely to break. This is called osteoporosis.

Sex determination in human

Humans have two types of sex chromosomes: X and Y. Females have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). During reproduction, the mother always contributes an X chromosome through her egg, whereas the father contributes either an X or a Y chromosome through his sperm. If the offspring inherits an X chromosome from the father, the result is XX, which produces a female. If the offspring inherits a Y chromosome, the result is XY, which produces a male. Therefore, the sex of the offspring is determined by the sperm from the father.