Question

Define (i) salt (ii) normal salt (iii) acid salt – with relevant examples and equations.

July 30, 2024

Answer

(i) Salt — A salt is a compound formed by partial or complete replacement of the replaceable hydrogen ions of an acid by a metallic ion or ammonium ion [basic radical].

NaOH + H₂SO₄ ⟶ NaHSO₄ + H₂O [Partial replacement]

2NaOH + H₂SO₄ ⟶ Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O [Complete replacement]

(ii) Normal salt — The salt formed by complete replacement of the replaceable hydrogen ion of an acid molecule by a basic radical [metallic or ammonium ion].
For example,

2NaOH + H₂SO₄ ⟶ Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

2NaOH + H₂SO₃ ⟶ Na₂SO₃ + 2H₂O

[Both H ions in sulphuric and sulphurous acid are replaced by metallic radical — sodium. ]

(3) Acid salt — The salt formed by partial replacement of the replaceable hydrogen ion of an acid molecule by a basic radical [metallic or ammonium ion]. For example,

NaOH + H₂SO₄ ⟶ NaHSO₄ + H₂O

NaOH + H₂SO₃ ⟶ NaHSO₃ + H₂O

[Only one H ion in sulphuric and sulphurous acid is replaced by metallic radical — sodium. ]

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The questions below refers to the following salt solutions listed A to F:
A: Copper nitrate
B: Iron [II] sulphate
C: Iron [III] chloride
D: Lead nitrate
E: Magnesium sulphate
F: Zinc chloride
(i) Which soln. becomes a deep/inky blue colour when excess of ammonium hydroxide is added to it.
(ii) Which solution gives a white precipitate with excess ammonium hydroxide solution.

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Give reasons for the following:
In the preparation of an insoluble salt from another insoluble salt by precipitation [double decomposition], dilute nitric acid and not dilute sulphuric acid is generally used.

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Give reasons for the following:
An aqueous solution of the salt ammonium chloride is acidic in nature while an aqueous solution of sodium chloride is neutral.

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Give reasons for the following:
Concentrated sulphuric acid is a weaker acid compared to dilute sulphuric acid.

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The diagram represents the preparation of sodium sulphate salt from dil. H2SO4 acid and sodium hydroxide.

1. Name the apparatus ‘A’.
2. Name the substance ‘X’ placed in ‘A’ and the substance ‘Y’ placed in B.
3. State the reason for conducting the titration using the apparatus ‘A’ and ‘B’.
4. State which solution is transferred to the evaporating dish and evaporated to point of crystallization for obtaining the salt.
5. State why titration is not conducted for the preparation of copper [II] sulphate crystals by neutralization.

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Give balanced equations for the preparation of the following salts:
1. Calcium oxide ⟶ Calcium chloride ⟶ Calcium carbonate
2. Zinc sulphide ⟵ Zn ⟶ Zinc sulphate
3. Iron [II] chloride ⟵ Fe ⟶ Iron [III] chloride
4. Lead [II] oxide ⟶ Lead nitrate ⟶ Lead sulphate
5. Copper [II] oxide ⟶ Copper [II] sulphate ⟵ Copper [II] hydroxide

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State which of the following methods is generally used for preparing the salts 1 to 5 given below:
A: Neutralisation — insoluble base and dil. acid
B: Neutralisation — alkali and dil. acid
C: Simple displacement — active metal and dil. acid
D: Direct combination
E: Precipitation [double decomposition]
1. PbCO3
2. Zn(NO3)2
3. NaCl
4. Cu(NO3)2
5. FeS

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Question

Define (i) salt (ii) normal salt (iii) acid salt – with relevant examples and equations.

Answer

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Write balanced equations for — (a) Aluminium (b) Zinc — is warmed with NaOH [caustic soda] soln.

Give reasons for the following:
Sulphurous acid forms two types of salts on reaction with an alkali.

Give reasons for the following:
Acetic acid does not form an acid salt but forms a normal salt.

Give reasons for the following:
In the preparation of an insoluble salt from another insoluble salt by precipitation [double decomposition], dilute nitric acid and not dilute sulphuric acid is generally used.

Give reasons for the following:
An aqueous solution of the salt ammonium chloride is acidic in nature while an aqueous solution of sodium chloride is neutral.

Give reasons for the following:
Concentrated sulphuric acid is a weaker acid compared to dilute sulphuric acid.

Question

Define (i) salt (ii) normal salt (iii) acid salt – with relevant examples and equations.

Answer

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