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Define or explain the terms:
(i) Covalent or molecular bond
(ii) Covalent or molecular compound
(iii) Covalency
(iv) Shared pair of electrons.

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Answer

(i) Covalent or molecular bond: A chemical bond formed between two atoms by mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons. Depending on the number of shared electron pairs, the bond can be single (-), double (=), or triple (≡).

(ii) Covalent or molecular compound: A compound formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between atoms, resulting in covalent bonds.

(iii) Covalency: The number of electron pairs an atom shares with other atoms to achieve a stable electronic configuration. For example, the covalency of hydrogen is 1, oxygen is 2, and nitrogen is 3.

(iv) Shared pair of electrons: A pair of electrons shared between two atoms that forms a covalent bond.

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Chemical Bonding

Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the brackets:
(i) The bond between two elements in group 17[VIIA] of the periodic table is likely to be ____ [ionic/covalent].
(ii) In the reaction of Cl2 + 2KI ⟶ 2KCl + I2 the conversion of 2I to I2 is deemed as ____ [oxidation/reduction].
(iii) The covalent molecule containing three single covalent bonds is ____ [water/methane/ammonia].
(iv) The molecule of water combines with a ____ [hydrogen atom/proton/hydrogen molecule] to form a hydronium ion.
(v) For formation of an electrovalent bond between elements ‘X’ and ‘Y’ which are a metal and non-metal respectively, X should have a ____ [high/low] ionization potential and ‘Y’ a ____ [high/low] electron affinity.

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