Question

Differentiate between the following pairs based on the information given in the bracket.
Cations and anions [formation from an atom]

  • Metallurgy
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Answer

Cations Anions
Metallic atoms having 1, 2, 3 valence electrons tend to donate the valence electron on ionization and become positive ions called cations. Non-metallic atoms having 4, 5, 6 or 7 valence electrons tend to accept electrons on ionization and become negative ions called anions.

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Give reasons for the following pertaining to Hall Herault’s process.
(i) The fusion temperature of the electrolyte has to be lowered before conducting the electrolytic reduction.
(ii) The constituents of the electrolyte in addition to one part of fused alumina contains three parts of cryolite and one part of fluorspar.
(iii) A layer of powdered coke sprinkled over the electrolytic mixture, protects the carbon electrodes.
(iv) It is preferred to use a number of graphite electrodes as anode, instead of a single graphite electrode.

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