Question

Give one test to distinguish between the following: Iron [III] chloride soln. and Copper chloride soln.

July 31, 2024

Answer

Ammonium hydroxide can be used to distinguish between the two. Iron [III] chloride soln. forms reddish brown ppt. of Fe(OH)₃ which is insoluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide whereas copper chloride soln. forms a blue ppt. of Cu(OH)₂ which is soluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide.

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Action of Alkalis — on oxides and hydroxides of certain metals
Zinc oxide ZnO + NaOH ⟶ +
Zinc hydroxide Zn(OH)₂ + NaOH ⟶ +
Lead [II] oxide PbO + NaOH ⟶ +
Lead hydroxide Pb(OH)₂ + NaOH ⟶ +
Aluminium oxide Al₂O₃ + NaOH ⟶ +
Aluminium hydroxide Al(OH)₃ + KOH ⟶ +

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Action of Alkalis — on certain metals
Zinc Zn + NaOH ⟶ +
Zinc Zn + KOH ⟶ +
Lead Pb + NaOH ⟶ +
Lead Pb + KOH ⟶ +
Aluminium Al + NaOH + H₂O ⟶ +
Aluminium Al + KOH + H₂O ⟶ +

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Action of Ammonium Hydroxide – on solutions of salts
Magnesium chloride MgCl₂ + NH₄OH ⟶ + ↓
Iron [II] sulphate FeSO₄ + NH₄OH ⟶ + ↓
Iron [III] chloride FeCl₃ + NH₄OH ⟶ + ↓
Copper [II] sulphate CuSO₄ + NH₄OH ⟶ + ↓ [Cu(OH)₂ + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + NH₄OH [in excess] ⟶ + ]
Zinc sulphate ZnSO₄ + NH₄OH ⟶ + ↓ [Zn(OH)₂ +(NH₄)₂SO₄ + NH₄OH [in excess] ⟶ + ]
Lead nitrate Pb(NO₃)₂ + NH₄OH ⟶ + ↓

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Complete and balance the equations
Pb(NO3)2 + NaOH ⟶ …………… + …………… ↓
[Pb(OH)2 + NaOH [in excess] ⟶ …………… + ……………]

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Complete and balance the equations
ZnSO4 + NaOH ⟶ …………… + …………… ↓
[Zn(OH)2 + NaOH [in excess] ⟶ …………… + ……………]

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Oxides and hydroxides of certain metals i.e [iron/ zinc / copper / aluminium / magnesium / lead] are amphoteric and react with [acids / alkalis / acids and alkalis] to give salt and water.

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Zinc oxide	ZnO + NaOH ⟶ ____ + ____
Zinc hydroxide	Zn(OH)₂ + NaOH ⟶ ____ + ____
Lead [II] oxide	PbO + NaOH ⟶ ____ + ____
Lead hydroxide	Pb(OH)₂ + NaOH ⟶ ____ + ____
Aluminium oxide	Al₂O₃ + NaOH ⟶ ____ + ____
Aluminium hydroxide	Al(OH)₃ + KOH ⟶ ____ + ____

Question

Give one test to distinguish between the following: Iron [III] chloride soln. and Copper chloride soln.

Answer

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