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Give reasons for the following: Reduction of metallic oxides to metal in the extraction of metals from the ores is based on the position of the metal in the activity series.

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Answer

Activity series is a series of metals arranged according to their decreasing reactivity.

The metal at the top of the series

  1. is most easily oxidized
  2. is most electropositive and most reactive
  3. can displace the metal below from it’s salt soln.

Due to these reasons, the extraction of metals from the ores is based on the position of the metal in the activity series.

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Metallurgy

Give reasons for the following pertaining to Hall Herault’s process.
(i) The fusion temperature of the electrolyte has to be lowered before conducting the electrolytic reduction.
(ii) The constituents of the electrolyte in addition to one part of fused alumina contains three parts of cryolite and one part of fluorspar.
(iii) A layer of powdered coke sprinkled over the electrolytic mixture, protects the carbon electrodes.
(iv) It is preferred to use a number of graphite electrodes as anode, instead of a single graphite electrode.

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