Question
Discuss the evolution, division, characteristics, and conclusion of the Brahamo Samaj.
Answer
(a) The Brahamo Samaj, founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828, evolved as a socio-religious movement aimed at reforming Hindu society. It focused on monotheism, discouraging idol worship, and denouncing caste discrimination. The Samaj gained popularity and attracted many followers, and its members aimed to modernize and liberate Hindu society.
(b) The Brahamo Samaj was divided into two groups – the Adi Samaj and the Sadharan Brahamo Samaj. The division was mainly caused by ideological differences regarding the approach to religious reform. While the Adi Samaj followed a more conservative approach, focusing on monotheism and prohibiting idol worship, the Sadharan Brahamo Samaj advocated for a more liberal approach, incorporating diverse religious beliefs.
(c) The characteristics of the Brahamo Samaj included a belief in monotheism and the rejection of caste discrimination. The Samaj advocated for women’s education, the promotion of science and rationality, and the abolition of child marriage. It also aimed to create a society where people of all castes and religions could coexist in harmony.
(d) The Brahamo Samaj contributed significantly to the Indian Renaissance, which led to the reform and modernization of Indian society. The Samaj played a critical role in the social and religious reforms of the 19th century, including the abolition of the practice of Sati, the promotion of women’s education, and the fight against caste discrimination. Although the Samaj experienced division and fragmentation, its ideas and values continued to inspire and influence social and religious reform movements in India. The Brahamo Samaj marked the beginning of the modern era in Indian history and paved the way for a new way of thinking, where science and rationality could play an essential role in shaping Indian society.
