The general nature of hazards in West Bengal includes several types of natural disasters and related risks. These hazards are influenced by the geographical and climatic conditions of the region. Here is an overview:
- Floods: West Bengal is highly susceptible to flooding, mainly due to its low-lying deltaic terrain and the presence of several major rivers like the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and their tributaries. Monsoon rains, snowmelt from the Himalayas, and cyclonic activities in the Bay of Bengal contribute to recurrent flooding.
- Cyclones: The state is prone to cyclones originating in the Bay of Bengal. These cyclones bring heavy rainfall, strong winds, and storm surges, causing extensive damage to coastal areas.
- Earthquakes: Although not as seismically active as some other regions in India, West Bengal experiences occasional earthquakes. The state falls in seismic zones II, III, IV, and V, with varying degrees of seismic hazard.
- Landslides: Hilly areas in northern West Bengal are vulnerable to landslides, especially during the monsoon season. These can disrupt transportation and pose risks to communities in hilly terrain.
- Drought: While not as common as flooding, certain parts of West Bengal can experience drought conditions, impacting agriculture and water availability.
