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Question

Pragya tested the solubility of three different substances at different temperatures and collected the data as given below (results are given in the following table, as grams of substance dissolved in 100 grams of water to form a saturated solution).
Substance dissolvedTemperature in K
283293313333353
Potassium nitrate213262106167
Sodium chloride3636363737
Potassium chloride3535404654
Ammonium chloride2437415566

(a)What mass of potassium nitrate would be needed to produce a saturated solution of potassium nitrate in 50 grams of water at 313 K? (b)Pragya makes a saturated solution of potassium chloride in water at 353 K and leaves the solution to cool at room temperature. What would she observe as the solution cools? Explain. (c) Find the solubility of each salt at 293 K. Which salt has the highest solubility at this temperature? (d)What is the effect of change of temperature on the solubility of a salt?

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Answer

(a)At 313 K,

Potassium nitrate for saturated solution of 100 grams of water = 62 g

∴ Potassium nitrate for saturated solution of 50 grams of water = 31 g

(b)Some amount of dissolved Potassium Chloride will reappear as undissolved solid as solubility of solute decreases with the decrease of temperature.

(c) Solubility of each salt at 393 K are as follows:

Potassium nitrate   32

Sodium chloride   36

Potassium chloride   35

Ammonium chloride   37

Ammonium chloride salt has the highest solubility at this temperature.

(d)Solubility of salt increases with the increase in temperature.

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