(i) Valency of element ‘A’ = 8 – 5 = 3
(ii) Valency of element ‘B’ = 12 – 10 = 2
(iii) Valency of element ‘C’ = 14 – 10 = 4
(iv) Valency of element ‘D’ = 18 – 17 = 1
(i) Valency of element ‘A’ = 8 – 5 = 3
(ii) Valency of element ‘B’ = 12 – 10 = 2
(iii) Valency of element ‘C’ = 14 – 10 = 4
(iv) Valency of element ‘D’ = 18 – 17 = 1
| Elements | Protons | Electrons | Neutrons | Atomic Number | Mass Number |
| A | – | – | 10 | 8 | – |
| B | 15 | – | – | – | 31 |
| C | 1 | – | – | – | 3 |
| D | – | 11 | 12 | – | – |
| X | Y | |
| Protons | 8 | 8 |
| Neutrons | 8 | 10 |