Question

State (i) composition (ii) reason for alloying (iii) one use of each of the following alloys.
(i) Brass
(ii) Bronze
(iii) Duralumin
(iv) Solder [fuse metal]
(v) Stainless steel

  • Metallurgy
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Answer

Alloy Composition Reason for alloying Use
1. Brass Cu [60 – 80%], Zn [40 – 20%] Hard, Lustrous, easily cast, malleable, ductile Electrical fittings, decorative articles
2. Bronze Cu [80%], Zn [1%], Sn [19%] Hard, brittle, takes up polish Statues, medals, coins
3. Duralumin Al [95%], Mg [0.5%], Mn [0.5%], Cu [4%] Al – imparts lightness, Mg – imparts strength Aircrafts, light tools, cooker
4. Solder [fuse metal] Pb [50%], Sn [50%] Sn – lowers melting point of alloy Electrical fuse, Soldering purposes
5. Stainless steel Fe [75%], Ni [10%], Cr [15%], C [.5%] Ni, Cr – imparts lustre, C – imparts hardness Utensils, cutlery, surgical instruments

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Give reasons for the following pertaining to Hall Herault’s process.
(i) The fusion temperature of the electrolyte has to be lowered before conducting the electrolytic reduction.
(ii) The constituents of the electrolyte in addition to one part of fused alumina contains three parts of cryolite and one part of fluorspar.
(iii) A layer of powdered coke sprinkled over the electrolytic mixture, protects the carbon electrodes.
(iv) It is preferred to use a number of graphite electrodes as anode, instead of a single graphite electrode.

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