The mathematical expression of Newton’s second law of motion is: (a) F = m x v (b) F = m x a (c) F = pv (d) F = m/a

F = m x a

Reason — Based on experiments Newton concluded that :

1. The acceleration produced in a body of a given mass is directly proportional to the force applied to it. i.e., a ∝ F (if mass remains constant)
2. The force needed to stop a given acceleration in a body is directly proportional to the mass of the body. i.e., F ∝ m (if acceleration remains the same).

Hence, F ∝ ma or F = Kma

Here, K is a constant and we get,

F = m × a