Define / State: (a) Electronegativity. (b) Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volumes.

Fill in the blanks with the choices given in the brackets: (a) Metals are good ............... [oxidizing agents /reducing agents] (b) Non-polar covalent compounds are ............... [good / bad] conductors of heat and electricity. (c) Higher the pH value of a solution, the more is ............... [acidic / alkaline] it is. (d) ............... [Silver chloride / Lead chloride] is a white precipitate that is soluble in excess of Ammonium hydroxide solution. (e) Conversion of ethene to ethane is an example of ............... . [hydration / hydrogenation]

Match the Column A with Column B: Column A Column B (a) Sodium chloride 1. has two shared pair of electrons (b) Methane 2. has high melting and boiling points (c) Hydrogen chloride gas 3. a greenhouse gas (d) Oxidation reaction 4. has low melting and boiling points (e) Water 5. Zn − 2e− ⟶ Zn2+ 6. S + 2e− ⟶ S2−

Give a reason for each: (a) Ionisation potential decreases down a group. (b) Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in the solid state.

Identify the gas evolved in each of the following reactions: (a) Methane undergoes complete combustion. (b) Copper carbonate is heated. (c) MnO2 reacts with concentrated HCl.

Complete and balance the following equations: (a) Al2O3 + 2NaOH ⟶ (b) C2H5COONa + NaOH ⟶ (c) C2H4Br2 + alcoholic KOH ⟶

Draw the dot and cross structure of the following: (a) An ionic compound formed when Mg reacts with the dilute HCl. (b) A covalent compound formed when H2 reacts with Cl2. (c) The positive ion produced when ammonia gas is dissolved in water. [ Atomic number: Mg = 12, Cl = 17, H = 1, N = 7 ]

Element A belongs to group 15 and period 2 of the Periodic Table. (a) Identify the element A. (b) Write the formula of the compound formed when element A combines with hydrogen. (c) Draw the dot (•) and cross (×) structure of the compound formed in (b) above.

State the terms for the following: (a) The group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the parent alkane. (b) Two metal plates or wires through which the current enters and leaves the electrolytic cell. (c) The amount of substance which contains the same number of units as the number of atoms in carbon-12. (d) The tendency of an atom to pull a shared pair of electrons towards itself in a compound. (e) The formula which represents the simplest ratio between the atoms of elements present in a compound.

Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct answer from the brackets: (a) The salt that can be prepared by Direct Combination is ............... . [FeCl3 / FeCl2] (b) The metallic oxide which can be reduced by using common reducing agents is ............... . [Fe2O3 / Al2O3] (c) The metal nitrate which on thermal decomposition forms a black residue is ............... . [zinc nitrate / copper nitrate] (d) During the electrolysis of copper sulphate solution, if ............... is used as electrodes, the colour of the electrolyte does not fade. [copper / platinum] (e) The process of heating the concentrated ore in a limited supply or absence of air is ............... . [roasting / calcination]

Match the Column A with Column B: Column A Column B (a) Water 1. Lithium (b) Alkali metal 2. Iodine (c) Halogen 3. Covalent compound (d) Calcium oxide 4. Acetic acid (e) Weak acid 5. Ionic compound 6. Sulphuric acid

Give reasons for the following: (a) Inert gases do not form ions. (b) Covalent compounds have a low melting and boiling point.