Given below are two sets of elements from two different periods. Name the element with the highest ionisation potential in each of the following sets.

(a) Al, Cl, Mg

(b) Ne, O, F

The atomic number of two atoms ‘X’ and ‘Y’ are 14 and 8 respectively. State: (a) the period to which ‘X’ belongs. (b) the formula of the compound formed between ‘X’ and ‘Y’. (Do not identify X and Y)

Study the table given below. Use only the letters given in the table to answer the questions. Do not identify the elements. IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA 0 E J Q L G M D P N (a) State the valency of element ‘G’. (b) Which element can exhibit catenation? (c) Write the formula of the compound formed between ‘M’ and ‘P’.

Given below are four ions: Cl−, Li+, Al3+, K+ Identify the pair of ions which have the same electronic configuration. [Atomic number: Cl = 17, Li = 3, Al = 13, K = 19] (a) Cl− & Li+ (b) Al3+ & K+ (c) Cl− & K+ (d) Li+ & K+

Assertion (A): The tendency of losing electrons increases down the Group. Reason (R): The most reactive metal is placed at the top of Group 1. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (c) (A) is true but (R) is false. (d) (A) is false but (R) is true.

State the terms for the following: (a) Undistilled alcohol containing a large amount of methanol. (b) A salt formed by the partial replacement of the hydroxyl group of a di-acidic or a tri-acidic base by an acid radical. (c) Organic compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural formula. (d) The tendency of an atom to attract the shared pair of electrons towards itself when combined in a compound. (e) The type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally between the combining atoms.

X, Y & Z are three metallic atoms in successive order belonging to the same group such that atomic radii of ‘X’ is the smallest. Which of the three atoms is the best reducing agent? (a) X (b) Y (c) Z (d) All three have the same reducing power

Give reasons why: (a) Hydrochloric acid cannot form an acid salt. (b) Electronegativity increases across a period.

Name the following: (a) The most electronegative element of Period 2. (b) The largest atom of Period 3.

Give a reason for each: (a) Ionisation potential decreases down a group. (b) Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in the solid state.

Give reasons for the following: (a) Inert gases do not form ions. (b) Covalent compounds have a low melting and boiling point.

Arrange the following as per the instruction given in the brackets: (a) Al, K, Mg, Ca (decreasing order of its reactivity) (b) N, Be, O, C (increasing order of non-metallic character) (c) P, Si, F, Be (decreasing order of valence electrons)

State the terms/process for the following: (a) The energy released when an atom in the gaseous state accepts an electron to form an anion. (b) Tendency of an element to form chains of identical atoms. (c) The name of the process by which Ammonia is manufactured on a large scale. (d) A type of salt formed by partial replacement of hydroxyl radicals with an acid radical. (e) The ratio of the mass of a certain volume of gas to the same volume of hydrogen measured under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.