Given below is a picture of a tree. Mention the scientific phenomena occurring in the parts labelled (a), (b) and (c).

Which of the following helps in the opening of stomata? (a) Cobalt ions (b) Potassium ions (c) Magnesium ions (d) Aluminium ions

The process by which water is lost from the margins of the leaves of a strawberry plant is: (a) Osmosis (b) Imbibition (c) Diffusion (d) Guttation

The paper used to demonstrate unequal transpiration in a dicot leaf is: (a) Filter paper (b) Litmus paper (c) Starch paper (d) Cobalt chloride paper

Define the term Transpiration.

Name the following: (i) The organelle that forms the aster during cell division. (ii) A genetic disorder in which the blood does not clot. (iii) The permanent stoppage of menstruation in human females around the age of 45 years. (iv) The openings on the barks of trees through which transpiration occurs. (v) A gaseous plant hormone which promotes ripening of fruits.

Mention two advantages of Transpiration.

Read the explanations given below and name the structures: (a) The canal through which the testes descend down into the scrotum just before the birth of a male baby. (b) The part of the brain that regulates the peristaltic movement of the alimentary canal. (c) A structure that collects the soundwaves and conducts them through the external auditory canal. (d) The point of attachment of two chromatids of a chromosome. (e) Regulation of the opening and closing of stomata.

Arrange the terms in each group in the correct order. Write them in a logical sequence beginning with the term that is underlined. (a) Palisade cells, Cuticle, Upper epidermis, Spongy cells. (b) Hepatic portal vein, Stomach, Hepatic vein, Liver. (c) Cyton, Dendrites, Synaptic cleft, Axon endings. (d) Insulin release, High blood sugar, Lowers blood sugar, Stimulates glucose uptake from blood. (e) Sperm duct, Seminiferous tubule, Epididymis, Efferent ducts.

Name the following: (a) The fully developed part of the ovary containing a mature ovum. (b) A waxy layer on the upper epidermis of leaves meant to reduce Transpiration. (c) The ear ossicle which opens into the oval window of Cochlea. (d) The physiological process which is the starting point of all food chains. (e) An insect which is a classic example of natural selection due to industrial melanism.

Assertion (A): A thick cuticle reduces transpiration by acting as a barrier. Reason (R): Desert plants have large, thin leaves for transpiration. (a) (A) is true and (R) is false (b) (A) is false and (R) is true (c) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). (d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Write any two limitations of using a Ganong's Potometer to demonstrate the uptake of water.