Physical quantity (Q) = \large\displaystyle \mathrm{n}\times\mathrm{U}
Plane angle (θ) = \large\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{s}}{\mathrm{r}}
Solid angle (Ω) = \large\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{A}}{\mathrm{r}^{2}}
Least Count (LC) = \large\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{MSD}}{\mathrm{n}}
Vernier reading (VR) = p × Least Count (LC)
Total reading (TR) = Main-scale reading (MSR) + Vernier reading (VR)
Correct reading (CR) = Observed reading (OR) − Signed zero error (ZE)
Least Count (LC) = \large\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{P}}{\mathrm{n}}
Correct reading (CR) = Observed reading (OR) − Signed zero error (ZE)
Mean value (x̄) = \large\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{x}_1+\mathrm{x}_2+\cdots+\mathrm{x}_{\mathrm{n}}}{\mathrm{n}}
Mean absolute error (Δx̄) = \large\displaystyle \frac{|\mathrm{x}_1-\overline{\mathrm{x}}|+|\mathrm{x}_2-\overline{\mathrm{x}}|+\cdots+|\mathrm{x}_{\mathrm{n}}-\overline{\mathrm{x}}|}{\mathrm{n}}
Relative error (δ) = \large\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\mathrm{\Delta x}}}{\overline{\mathrm{x}}}
Percentage error (δ%) = \large\displaystyle \frac{\overline{\mathrm{\Delta x}}}{\overline{\mathrm{x}}}\times100\%
Maximum absolute error in the result (\large \mathrm{\Delta Z}) = \large\displaystyle \mathrm{\Delta A}+\mathrm{\Delta B}
Maximum fractional error in the result (\large\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Delta Z}}{\mathrm{Z}}) = \large\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Delta A}}{\mathrm{A}}+\frac{\mathrm{\Delta B}}{\mathrm{B}}+\frac{\mathrm{\Delta C}}{\mathrm{C}}
Maximum fractional error in the result (\large\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{\Delta Z}}{\mathrm{Z}}) = \large\displaystyle |\mathrm{p}|\frac{\mathrm{\Delta A}}{\mathrm{A}}+|\mathrm{q}|\frac{\mathrm{\Delta B}}{\mathrm{B}}+|\mathrm{r}|\frac{\mathrm{\Delta C}}{\mathrm{C}}
Dimensional formula of quantity Q ([Q]) = [MᵃLᵇTᶜIᵈΘᵉNᶠJᵍ]
Converted numerical value (n₂) = \large\displaystyle \mathrm{n}_1\left(\frac{\mathrm{M}_1}{\mathrm{M}_2}\right)^{\text{a}}\left(\frac{\mathrm{L}_1}{\mathrm{L}_2}\right)^{\text{b}}\left(\frac{\mathrm{T}_1}{\mathrm{T}_2}\right)^{\text{c}}
Radius of curvature (R) = \large\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{l}^{2}}{6\mathrm{h}}+\frac{\mathrm{h}}{2}
Time period (T) = \large\displaystyle 2\text{π}\sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{l}}{\mathrm{g}}}
Fundamental frequency (f) = \large\displaystyle \frac{1}{2\mathrm{l}}\sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{T}}{\text{μ}}}