Soil formation is a slow and continuous process that occurs over thousands to millions of years due to the breakdown of rocks and the accumulation of organic matter. This process is known as weathering.
Steps in Soil Formation:
Weathering of Rocks – Large rocks break down into smaller particles due to:
- Physical Weathering – Caused by temperature changes, wind, water, and ice.
- Chemical Weathering – Minerals in rocks react with water, air, and acids, leading to decomposition.
- Biological Weathering – Roots of plants and microorganisms break rocks into fine particles.
Mixing with Organic Matter – Dead plants, animals, and microorganisms decompose to form humus, enriching the soil with nutrients.
Soil Layer Formation – Over time, different layers (horizons) form, creating fertile topsoil that supports plant growth.
