Question
Mention how F is harmful as a water pollutant. Mention its source, maximum contamination level (MCL) and its removal process.
Answer
Fluoride (F) as a Water Pollutant:
- Source: Fluoride can enter water from natural sources, industrial discharges, and agricultural runoff. It’s also intentionally added to water supplies for dental health.
- Maximum Contamination Level (MCL): The U.S. EPA sets the MCL for fluoride in drinking water at 4.0 mg/L (milligrams per liter).
- Removal Process: Fluoride can be removed from water using various methods, including activated alumina, reverse osmosis, and ion exchange. Treatment depends on the concentration and the specific removal needs of the water source.
