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Question

What do you understand by the term upthrust of a fluid? Describe an experiment to show its existence.

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Answer

The upward force exerted on a body by the fluid in which it is submerged is called upthrust or buoyant force.

If a piece of cork is placed on a surface of water in a tub, it floats with nearly 2/5

of it’s volume inside the water. If the cork is pushed into the water and then released, it again comes to the surface of water and floats.

If the cork is kept immersed, our fingers experience some upward force. This upward force is the buoyant force.

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A weather forecasting plastic balloon of volume 15 m3 contains hydrogen of density 0.09 kg m-3. The volume of an equipment carried by the balloon is negligible compared to it’s own volume. The mass of the empty balloon alone is 7.15 kg. The balloon is floating in air of density 1.3 kg m-3. Calculate : (i) the mass of hydrogen in the balloon, (ii) the mass of hydrogen and balloon, (iii) the total mass of hydrogen, balloon and equipment if the mass of equipment is x kg, (iv) the mass of air displaced by balloon and (v) the mass of equipment using the law of floatation.

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