Hydrogen chloride gas is prepared in the laboratory by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid on sodium chloride.
(a) Write the balanced equation for the reaction with suitable conditions.
(b) Name the method of collection of hydrogen chloride gas.
(c) State the property of sulphuric acid which makes it suitable for the preparation of hydrogen chloride.
(a) \mathrm{NaCl} + \mathrm{H_2SO_4} \xrightarrow{<200^\circ\mathrm{C}} \mathrm{NaHSO_4} + \mathrm{HCl}\uparrow
(b) Hydrogen chloride gas is collected by upward displacement of air.
(c) As conc. H2SO4 is non-volatile and has a high boiling point, therefore, it displaces the volatile hydrogen chloride from the salt sodium chloride. Hence, conc. H2SO4 is used as a reactant in the laboratory preparation of HCl from sodium chloride. Conc. nitric acid cannot be used in place of conc. H2SO4 since it is volatile and may volatize out along with the hydrogen chloride.
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