The main by-products derived from coal are:
- Coke: Coke is a hard, porous, and nearly pure carbon substance produced by heating coal in the absence of air. It is used in the production of iron and steel, as well as in other industrial processes.
- Coal tar: Coal tar is a thick, black liquid produced from the condensation of the vapors released during the destructive distillation of coal. It is used in the production of a wide range of products, including asphalt, roofing materials, dyes, plastics, and pharmaceuticals.
- Coal gas: Coal gas is a flammable gas produced from the destructive distillation of coal. It was once widely used as a fuel for lighting, heating, and cooking, but it has now been largely replaced by natural gas.
